1. Biotechnology

3. Restriction Enzymes
Ligase

6. Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism
RFLP

10. Recombinant DNA

14. A team of researchers, led by Eric Poeschla of the Mayo
Clinic College of Medicine,  have come up with an
adorable helper in the push to find a cure for HIV/AIDS:
the kitten who glows green under UV light. This
green-glowing kitten has had genetic material, green
fluorescent protein to be exact, from the jellyfish
Aequorea victoria fused with its own. So how does the
green fluorescent protein help scientists in their research
to find a cure?  It doesn’t directly, but it acts as a tracking
mechanism that allows researchers to know that the
kitten’s genetic material was successfully infused with
not only the green-glow-gene, but also a gene called 
TRIMCyp found in HIV-resistant rhesus macaque 
monkeys.  Researchers hope that by infusing this
genetic material with the cat’s own, they will create a
“naturally” immunity to Feline Immunodeficiency Virus
(FIV), which, like HIV in humans, causes AIDS in cats.
HIV and FIV strip the immune system’s T-cells,
necessary for fighting off infections (remember, AIDS
isn’t the actual cause of death – it is usually caused by
some minor infection, like the common cold, that is
allowed to run rampant because the immune system is
completely disabled).  There are key proteins called
restriction factors that defend against viruses, but ours
and cats’ can’t stand up to HIV/FIV.  The rhesus
macaque monkey has a restriction factor, TRIMCyp,
that is capable of  attacking and disabling the HIV/FIV’s
outer shield as it tries to invade a cell. The research team
has taken white blood cells from the genetically-altered
cats, exposed them to FIV and found that they are
immune.  

18. Figure 1. The Sanger sequencing reaction
Figure 1. The Sanger sequencing reaction. Single stranded DNA is amplified
in the presence of fluorescently labelled ddNTPs that serve to terminate the
reaction and label all the fragments of DNA produced. The fragments of DNA
are then separated via polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and the sequence
read using a laser beam and computer.

19. PCR

20. Synthetic
DNA

23. RNAi

25. Expression vectors

30. Biosteel goats