1. The seal of the Tribunal of the Holy Office of the Inquisition
Tomás de Torquemada
( )
The first major inquisitor

2. The Inquisition, the numbers
E s t a b l i s h e d i n ( a n d a b o l i s h e d i n ) .
M a j o r a c t i v i t y
T w o o p t i o n s : c o n v e r t o r l e a v e .
T h e g o a l : c o n t r o l p r o t e s t a n t i s m & c e n s o r s h i p .
U n t i l 1 7 t h c e n t u r y : 8 7 , c a s e s & 1 , e x e c u t i o n s .

3. Unit 1: pages 10-11
E v e n t s a n d c o n s e q u e n c e s o f t h e e x p l o r a t i o n .
T h e T r e a t y o f T o r d e s i l l a s ( ) .
F . M a g a l l a n e s / J u a n S e b a s t i a n E l k a n o ( ) .
“ E n c o m i e n d a ” s y s t e m .
H e r n á n C o r t é s , A z t e c E m p i r e ( ) .
F r a n c i s c o P i z a r r o , I n c a E m p i r e ( ) .

4. The Treaty of Tordesillas (1494)

5. What was the Treaty of Tordesillas?
A P a p a l ( P o p e ) o r d e r f o r c e d S p a i n a n d P o r t u g a l t o s p l i t t h e w o r l d i n t w o .
T w o c a t h o l i c c o u n t r i e s c o u l d n o t f i g h t f o r t h e s a m e g o a l .
T h e P o p e d e m a n d s s p r e a d i n g “ G o d ’ s t r u e r e l i g i o n ” a l l o v e r t h e w o r l d .

6. “Positive” consequences of the Treaty
G r o w t h i n g e o g r a p h i c a l k n o w l e d g e ( c o n t i n e n t s , d i s t a n c e s , o c e a n s , e t c . ) .
N e w l a n d s = n e w m a r k e t s .
I n c r e a s e i n i n t e r n a t i o n a l m a r i t i m e t r a d e a n d c o m m e r c e .

7. “Negative” consequences of the Treaty
G r e e d a n d p o w e r .
I n d i g e n o u s t r i b e s k i l l e d b y E u r o p e a n d i s e a s e s , w e a p o n s o r e x p l o i t e d .
P o p u l a t i o n i n H i s p a n i o l a i n : 3 , ,
P o p u l a t i o n i n H i s p a n i o l a i n : 1 1 ,

8. The Treaty of Tordesillas & the Treaty of Saragossa (1529)

9. A map of the time

11. Magallanes & Elkano (1519-1522)

12. “Encomienda” Two steps:
Spaniard s converte d the natives under their control to Christian ity (and language ).
In exchang e of those two “favors”, the natives were obliged to work for the encomen deros in their lands or mines.

13. The end of “Encomienda”
S o m e p r i e s t s ( F r a y B a r t o l o m é d e l a s C a s a s & F r a y F r a n c i s c o d e V i t o r i a ) r e p o r t e d t h e b r u t a l i t y a n d c r u e l t y o f t h e s y s t e m .
T h e N e w I n d i a n L a w s ( ) b y C h a r l e s I .
N a t i v e s w e r e c o n s i d e r e d S p a n i s h s u b j e c t s ( l a w p r o t e c t i o n ; t h e y c o u l d n o t b e s l a v e s ) .

14. So, less people working the lands, the mines,…
W h a t c o u l d t h e y d o ?
H o w d i d t h e y t a k e t h e g o l d , t h e s i l v e r o u t o f t h e m i n e s ?
H o w c o u l d t h e y w o r k t h e f a r m s , t h e l a n d s ?
T h e y d i d h a v e a n i d e a …

16. Hernán Cortés Conqueror of the Aztec Empire (Mexico)
April 1519: reached the Aztec Empire.
May 1519: took control over Moctezuma, the emperor.
1521: all the Empire was under his control.

18. Francisco Pizarro Conqueror of the Inca Empire (Peru).
1530: took control over the Inca Empire and its leader, Atahualpa.
Changed the capital, from Cuzco and to Lima.

19. The Spanish Empire in America (16th century)

20. Cycle of Conquest & Colonisation
Explorers
Conquistadores
Missionaries
Official European Colony!
Permanent Settlers