1. Presidents of the late 70s
Ford and Carter
Presidents of the late 70s

2. Gerald Ford Pardoned Nixon Congressional Investigations
Claimed sympathy to Nixon, however caused Ford fierce criticism.
Congressional Investigations
CIA – assassinations
FBI – illegal wiretaps
May 1975
Mayaguez incident
Cambodia

3. Economic Problems Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)
Embargo
1973
Stagflation
Inflation + rising unemployment
Whip Inflation Now

4. Election of 1976 Republicans Gerald Ford Ronald Reagan Democrats
Jimmy Carter
“Are you better off now than you were four years ago?”
Big on “Energy” saving

6. Carter Administration
Created:
Department of Energy
Department of Education
Conflict with Congress
Stagflation continues

7. Camp David Accords
President Carter, Menachem Begin of Israel, and Anwar el-Sadat of Egypt celebrate the signing of the Camp David Accords. The agreement marked a high point in Carter’s efforts to bring peace to the Middle East
The Camp David Accords ended hostilities between Egypt and Israel. Israel agreed to return the Sinai Peninsula to Egypt over the course of four years. In exchange, Egypt agreed to recognize Israel’s right to exist.

8. Foreign Affairs Camp David Accords – 1978 Egypt and Israel
Anwar el-Sadat, Menachim Begin
“Framework for Peace in the Middle East”
Panama Canal Treaty – 1979
Return of Canal Zone
Finalized 1999

9. Collapse of Detente SALT II Ratification delayed
Invasion of Afghanistan
December 1979
Carter’s Response:
Halt in grain and technology sales
Boycott of 1980 Summer Olympics (Moscow)

10. Iran 1979 Revolution July – overthrow of the Shah
November – Takeover of US Embassy
Iran Hostage Crisis
Immediate economic sanctions
A failed military rescue
Negotiations for the release of the hostages
-Nov. 4, 1979-Jan. 20, 1981

11. “Peace Through Strength”
Ronald Reagan
“Peace Through Strength”

13. Election of 1980 Democrats Jimmy Carter / Walter Mondale Republicans
Ronald Reagan / George H. W. Bush
Issues:
Continued Stagflation
Cold War
Iran Hostage Crisis

14. Nancy Reagan headed a national campaign in the 1980s to address the social concern of ILLEGAL DRUG USE (think 1970’s)

15. Technology
Innovation in manufacturing and machinery (robotics) led to more output and high numbers of unskilled laborers
Time and motion study analysis (Scientific management) influenced an increase in productivity and a decrease in skilled labor
Computer management aided business in managing increased flow and availability of information, as well as making connections between events to become better
Just-in-time inventory management allowed businesses to reduce cost, become more flexible, and better meet consumer demands

17. Conservative v. Liberal
Political philosophies
Government role in:
Economy
Social Concerns
Power of Federal government vs. states
Idea of “what is fair”
Equality of opportunity vs. outcome

18. Reaganomics Reduce Government spending
Reduce income taxes and capital gains taxes
Reduce government regulations
Reduce Inflation by controlling the money supply

19. Economic Results Interest rates 21.5% in 1981 10.5% in 1983
Unemployment
10% in 1983
7% in 1984
Inflation
7% in 1982
4%in 1984

20. Other Events Sandra Day O’Connor First Woman on Supreme Court
1981 Air Traffic Controllers Strike
Fired
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
Emerged in 1980s led to a worldwide epidemic and one of the largest health concern in regard to investigating its prevention.
Space Shuttle Challenger EXPLODES ON LAUNCH
January 1986

21. Foreign Policy Standing up to Communism Increase in Defense Spending
Strategic Defense Initiative
“Star Wars”
Lebanon
Civil War
Marines
Terrorism

22. Election of 1984 Republicans Reagan / Bush Democrats Walter Mondale /
Geraldine Ferraro
“Ronald Reagan will raise your taxes. And so will I.”

24. Iran-Contra Scandal American Hostages held in Lebanon
US sells weapons to Iran
(illegal after 1979 Iranian Revolution)
They influence terrorists to release hostages

25. Iran-Contra Scandal (2)
Contras in Nicaragua
Fighting a communist government (Sandinistas)
Profits from weapon sales to Iran
Sent to the Contras
(illegal also)
Discovered in 1986

26. Relations with the USSR
Spending to end the Cold War
Defense
Force them to keep up
They can’t

27. Relations with the USSR (2)
1985
Mikhail Gorbachev
Glasnost
Perestroika
American-Soviet Summits
Geneva, Iceland
July 1987, Berlin
“Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this wall!”

28. Impact of Cold War Defense Spending
Expanded businesses and employment
Growth of high tech industries
New Research and Development
Foreign Policy to Israel:
Strong political support and billions of dollars in economic aid.

29. 1970s-1990s U.S foreign policy approach
70s and 80s political characteristics of the US are BEST described as a RESURGENCE OF CONSERVATISM
(especially after Vietnam and Cold War tensions around the world)
U.S foreign policy approach

30. Technology of the 70s, 80s, 90s
Additional Available energy affected the American way of life
(through Carter a lot and the Space exploration of Cold War)
Lead to many new innovations and new technology.
GPS
Cell Phones
Plastics
Satellites
Genetic engineering
Alternative Fuels
Personal computers
Memory Foam
Internet
Digital TV

31. People in the Scene Billy Graham Jerry Falwell Bill Gates
Advocator for social policies that reflected the point of view of evangelical Christians, group called “Moral Majority”
Bill Gates
Philanthropist, small entrepreneurs. founded Microsoft
Sam Walton
Founder of Wal-Mart. Small entrepreneurs. Started working in JC Penny then Ben Franklin stores in Arkansas
Estee Lauder
American businesswoman co-founder with her husband with the cosmetic company Estee Lauder
Billy Graham
Widely-respected Christian evangelical preacher has served often as a religious counselor to American Presidents since the Truman administration.
Dolores Huerta
Co-founder of the United Farm Workers Association and fought for discrimination with Cesar Chavez.
Lionel Sosa
independent marketing consultant, and nationally recognized portrait artist.
(TIME magazine 25 most influential Hispanics in America)