1. Plant Life Cycles
Chapter #2
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2. What is a Life Cycle?
from the time a seed is planted until a seed is produced
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3. What are the Life Cycles?
Annuals, Biennials, & Perennials
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4. complete life cycle in one growing season
Annual
complete life cycle in one growing season
can be summer annuals (spring wheat, barley) or winter annuals (winter wheat)
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5. require two growing seasons to produce seed
Biennials
require two growing seasons to produce seed
first season plant produces vegetation, second season seed (sugar beet, carrot)
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6. Perennials
indefinite growth, can produce seed annually (grasses, trees, shrubs, onion)
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7. What is a Seed?
package containing an embryo (miniature plant) and food
seeds are alive, need air
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8. What is Germination?
process where embryo changes to seedling (growing plant)
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9. What conditions are necessary for germination?
1) moisture
2) correct temperature
3) air
4) some seeds need light
5) some seeds need help (break seed coat [sunflower], remove a chemical from seed, heat, chill [winter wheat])
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10. What are Warm Season Crops?
soil temperature must be 70 degrees F or more for germination (corn, rice, cotton, melons)
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11. What are Cool Season Crops?
soil temp below 70 degrees F (wheat, barley, beets)
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12. How deep do seeds need to be planted?
the size of the seed determines
larger seed = deeper
corn = 4"
bluegrass = 1/4"
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13. Germination Process 1) seed absorbs water, swells
2) water activates enzymes which help digest stored food
3) root grows
4) shoot emerges (is now a seedling)
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14. What is vegetative growth?
plant produces food for itself
extra food is stored in roots, stems, etc.
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15. What is Tillering (Stooling)?
when new stems are formed in grass plants
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16. What is Jointing?
stems of grass plants elongate rapidly
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17. What is Respiration?
process how plants get energy from its stored food
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18. How is food stored in plants?
form of carbohydrates (sugars)
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19. How does respiration work?
Food + Oxygen --> Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy
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20. What factors can influence the rate of respiration?
1) high temps = high rate of respiration
2) high amounts of light = high rate
3) high amounts of water = high rate
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21. What is Photosynthesis?
process of converting water and carbon dioxide into food (sugar) and oxygen in the presence of chlorophyll and light
photosynthesis and respiration are opposite cycles
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22. What is Transpiration?
process of returning water to the air (in the form of gas)
99% of water taken in by roots is transpired
Wilt = plant transpires more than it takes in
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23. What are Nutrients?
elements needed by plants to grow
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24. What are Macronutrients?
needed in large amounts
C, H, O, N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S)
plants get C, H, O from air and water
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25. What are Primary Nutrients?
N, P, K
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26. What are Secondary Nutrients?
Ca, Mg, S
needed less
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27. What are Micronutrients?
needed in small amounts, but essential
excess amounts are toxic
Fe, Bo, Mn, Zn, Mo, Cu, Cl
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28. 16 Essential Nutrients C HOPKNS CaFe Mg B Mn CuZn ClMo
C Hopkins Café Managed By Mine Cousin Clomo
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