2. Physical Properties of Matter

3. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER
A Physical Property of a substance is a characteristic or description of the substance that may help to identify it.
For example: Sodium is a silvery metal.

4. Physical Properties Observed with the Senses:
Colour
Texture
Odour
Lustre
Clarity
Taste

5. The States of Matter Solid, Liquid, Gas, (Plasmas)
Solar plasmas of Jupiter

6. 2. Hardness Resistance of a solid to being scratched or dented
Example: diamond is harder than glass
Glass tiles are cut using water and diamond encrusted blades

7. 3. Malleability
Ability of a metal to be hammered or bent into different shapes
Example: Aluminum foil is easily bent
Chromium metal bent into different shapes

8. 4. Ductility Ability of a metal to be pulled into wires
Example: Copper is very ductile and is commonly used for electrical wiring

9. 5. Melting and Boiling Points
Temperature at which substances change state
Water changes from solid to a liquid at 0ºC

10. 6. Crystal Form
The solid form taken by many minerals. Each mineral usually takes a characteristic pattern
Salt Crystals usually look like tiny cubes

11. 7. Solubility The ability of a substance to dissolve in a solvent
Example: Sugar is soluble in water

12. 8. Viscosity How easy a liquid flows
Example: The thicker the liquid, the slower it flows and is more viscous. Corn syrup is viscous, water is not viscous

13. 9. Density The amount of matter per unit volume Density = mass/volume
Example: Lead is very dense, feathers are not dense

14. 10. Conductivity
If a substance is able to conduct heat or electricity.
Conductor – able to conduct
Example: most metals, copper is very good
Insulator – has little or no conductivity
Example: styrofoam, glass

15. Chemical Properties of Matter
Chemical Properties of Matter The ability of a substance to react with another substance and form one or more new substances

16. 1. Reactivity with water
Substances react with water to form new compounds Example: Lithium reacting with water

17. 2. Reactivity with Oxygen
Oxidation (rusting) or Combustibility (burn in air) Examples: Copper of Parliament Buildings or burning of methane

18. 3. Reactivity with Acids
Substances react with acids to produce a gas. Example: baking soda and vinegar react to produce carbon dioxide gas

19. 4. Reactivity with Another Pure Substance
Understanding how pure substances react with one another is important for safety and industry.