1. Rocks and the Rock Cycle

2. What is a rock?
The material that makes up the solid parts of the Earth is known as rock.
It may be made of one or more minerals
It can be solid organic matter.

3. Major Types of Rocks
Igneous
Sedimentary
Metamorphic

4. Igneous Rock Igneous mean “from fire”
Forms when magma cools and hardens
Lava is magma exposed to Earth’s surface
Pumice
Granite
Obsidian

5. Metamorphic Rock Metamorphic means “changed form”
Metamorphic rocks are existing rocks that have been changed
Can be changed by extreme pressure, temperature, or chemical processes
Marble
Slate
Quartzite

6. Sedimentary Rock
Weathering (wind, waves) can break rock down into small pieces
Pieces are called sediment
Sediment can be deposited (erosion) and compressed together to form sedimentary rocks
Coal
Iron Ore
Limestone

7. What is weathering? Weathering breaks rock down into pieces…
Erosion moves the sediment to a new location
Weathering can be mechanical (physical) or chemical

8. Mechanical Weathering…
Breaks rocks down into smaller pieces.
It is still the same type of rock, just smaller.
Wind, water, and ice can all do
this… think of how ice cracks
the sidewalk in the winter.
Arch Rock, Mackinaw Island, MI

9. Chemical Weathering…
Breaks down rock by chemically adding or removing chemical elements.
It is no longer the same
type of rock; it is a
different rock.

10. What is Erosion?
When a rock weathers, the particles may be carried away to a new location.
The process of transporting the sediment is called erosion.
Wind, water, and ice can all cause erosion.

11. What is Erosion?

12. The Rock Cycle
Any of the three rock types can be changed into another type
Geologic processes and forces cause these changes

13. The Rock Cycle

14. Assignment Create flashcards for the following terms: Igneous rock
Metamorphic rock
Sedimentary rock
Melting
Crystallization
Erosion
Deposition
Cementation