1. Transformation of Matter
Conservation of Matter

2. Transformation All matter has the ability to transform,
ie. Change
There are 3 types of transformations
Physical
Chemical
Nuclear

3. Transformations
Physical: does not modify the nature, or the characteristic properties of the matter. The atom and the molecule does not change.
Chemical: does modify the nature and the characteristic properties of the matter, implies a rearrangement of the connections between atoms and the formation of new molecules.
Nuclear: implies a rearrangement of particles in the nucleus and the formation of new elements

4. Chemical Transformation
The bonds between the atoms (reactants) will break and new bonds will form elsewhere ( products).
How to recognize a chemical transformation?

5. Chemical Transformation
The bonds between the atoms (reactants) will break and new bonds will form elsewhere ( products).
How to recognize a chemical transformation?
Emission of gas

6. Chemical Transformation
The bonds between the atoms (reactants) will break and new bonds will form elsewhere ( products).
How to recognize a chemical transformation?
Emission of gas
Emission or absorption of heat

7. Chemical Transformation
The bonds between the atoms (reactants) will break and new bonds will form elsewhere ( products).
How to recognize a chemical transformation?
Emission of gas
Emission or absorption of heat
Emission of light

8. Chemical Transformation
The bonds between the atoms (reactants) will break and new bonds will form elsewhere ( products).
How to recognize a chemical transformation?
Emission of gas
Emission or absorption of heat
Emission of light
Color change

9. Chemical Transformation
The bonds between the atoms (reactants) will break and new bonds will form elsewhere ( products).
How to recognize a chemical transformation?
Emission of gas
Emission or absorption of heat
Emission of light
Color change
Formation of a precipitation

10. Interpretation CH4 (g) + 2 O2 (g) CO2 (g) + 2 H2O (l) This means:
Methane reacts with oxygen to form carbon dioxide and water
Symbol
Physical State s
solid l
liquid g
gas aq
aqueous

11. Conservation of Mass Think back…
Nothing created, nothing lost, all is constant
The law of conservation of mass: the total mass of the reactants is equal to the total mass of the products

12. Balancing Equations
When we write chemical equations we must balance, according to the law of conservation of mass
Therefore take the example of the formation of ammonia
N2(g) H2(g) NH3(g)
Count the atoms

13. Unbalanced vs Balanced
N2(g) H2(g) NH3(g)
2 Nitrogen + 2 Hydrogen Nitrogen 3 Hydrogen
N2(g) H2(g) NH3(g)
2 Nitrogen + 2 Hydrogen Nitrogen 6 Hydrogen
N2(g) H2(g) NH3(g)
2 Nitrogen + 6 Hydrogen Nitrogen 6 Hydrogen

14. Unbalanced vs Balanced
CH4(g) O2(g) CO2(g) H2O
1 Carbon + 4 Hydrogen Oxygen Carbon 2 Oxygen + 2 Hydrogen 1 Oxygen
CH4(g) O2(g) CO2(g) H2O
1 Carbon + 4 Hydrogen Oxygen Carbon 2 Oxygen + 4 Hydrogen 2 Oxygen
CH4(g) O2(g) CO2(g) H2O
1 Carbon + 4 Hydrogen Oxygen Carbon 2 Oxygen + 4 Hydrogen 2 Oxygen

15. Photosynthesis CO2 (g) + H2O (l) C6H12O6 (s) + O2 (g)
What is the balanced equation?

16. Photosynthesis CO2 (g) + H2O (l) C6H12O6 (s) + O2 (g)
What is the balanced equation?
6CO2 (g) H2O (l) C6H12O6 (s) O2 (g)

17. Acid-Base Neutralization
This is a reaction where an acid and a base react to form the products salt and water
Acid Base Salt + Water
Acid H+
Base OH-
HCl NaOH NaCl H2O

18. Acid-Base Examples: 1. HF + KOH KF + H2O
2. H2SO4 + Mg(OH) MgSO4 (s) + H2O
3. HBr + Ca(OH) CaBr2 (s) + H2O