1. Resistance Management
Evolved resistance, cross resistance, and overall loss of efficacy
Use of insect resistance management (IRM) plans
Need constant monitoring and improvement
Larger and closer refuges
Need farmer compliance for IRM plans
30% non-compliance for Bt corn (EPA 2000)
Protect the long-term efficacy of Bt corn

2. Bt Corn Registration Conditional, one-year registration
New studies: ecological, allergen, immunological
Maintenance of larger, closer refuges
Fund independent resistance monitoring efforts
Effective plans for IRM compliance and remedial action