1. Mixtures and Solutions
Mixtures in Everyday Life
Part II

2. The Petroleum Industry
Crude petroleum is a mixture. When it is burned in it’s crude form, petroleum produces a lot of black smoke and only gives off a dim light (it is basically useless).
When it was first discovered, it was rarely used.

3. Most people were still using animal fat (seal and whale oil) or coal.

4. Most people were still using animal fat (seal and whale oil) or coal.

5. It wasn’t until a Nova Scotian named Dr
It wasn’t until a Nova Scotian named Dr. Abraham Gesner discovered how to separate petroleum into two parts did oil become important.

6. Gesner called this new material kerosene
Gesner called this new material kerosene. Unlike the crude petroleum, kerosene burned brightly and was nearly smoke free.

7. Suddenly, petroleum was seen as an important resource
Suddenly, petroleum was seen as an important resource. Unfortunately, it was difficult to pump to the surface.

8. Today, crude petroleum is separated into many different parts using a process called *fractional distillation.

9. collecting pipes at its own level and is further refined.
Each fraction of the
mixture is drawn off by
collecting pipes at its
own level and is further
refined.
In the shorter tower,
the petroleum is heated
strongly enough to vaporize
every part of the mixture
Different pure
substances
condense and cool
at different
temperatures,
which
separates the
mixture.
Then the mixture of hot
vapours is pumped into
the bottom of the
taller tower.
Inside the tall tower,
the hot vapours rise.
As they rise they cool.

10. Each fraction of the crude petroleum can then be converted into petrochemicals. *petrochemical – a product that is produced from petroleum (there are over 500,000 petrochemicals)