1. Kingdom Fungi

2. Where are fungi found? Everywhere air, water, soil
people (athlete’s foot, yeast infection, ringworm)
foods (bread-yeast, cheese, mushrooms)

3. What are fungi? Eukaryotic
Heterotrophs - use extracellular digestion (excrete enzymes and absorb nutrients)
Cell walls made of chitin
Some unicellular (ex. Yeast)
Most multicellular

4. Fruiting body
Hyphae
Mycelium

5. Structure of Fungi
Hyphae: threadlike filaments (one-cell thick) like roots
Some hyphae have cross walls.

6. Hyphae form Mycelium
Hyphae branch out to form mycelium, a network of filaments.
Hyphae Cross walls

7. 3 feeding relationships
Decomposers - recycle nutrients
Parasitism - corn smut, mildews, wheat rust, yeast infections, athlete’s foot, ringworm
Mutualism - 2 examples

8. 1. Mycorrhizae Symbiosis b/t fungus & plant roots
Fungus covers roots, increase surface area, & allow plants to absorb vital nutrients
Fungi release enzyme to free nutrients in soil
Plant provides sugars, amino acids & oxygen to fungi

9. Ex. Orchid seeds
Orchids have small seeds and need help to get started. The fungus 'feeds' the orchid seed and the orchid roots protect the fungus.

10. 2. Lichens Symbiosis b/t fungi & algae or cyanobacteria
Orange, green, black blotches seen on rocks, trees, & dry cold environments
Algae provide food by photosynthesis while fungi provides water & minerals
Lichens on rocks

11. Lichen structure Densely packed hyphae Layer of algae/ cyanobacteria
Loosely packed hyphae

12. Asexual Reproduction
Fragmentation—occurs when hyphae break off & grow new mycelia
Budding—a fungal cell grows out & separates from parent cell (mitosis)

13. Sexual Reproduction: Spores
Produce fruiting body – mushroom cap (spore-containing structure)
Protect spores from drying out
Spores

14. Spores dispersed by: wind, water, animals
Many spores produced

15. Examples
Rhizopus - black bread mold

16. Some important fungi
Morels & truffles – delicacies - can retail for $500/lb!
Yeasts – baking & brewing, Vaccine for Hepatitis B
TRUFFLES
MORELS
YEAST

17. More Examples… Amanita – very poisonous
Shelf-bracket – parasite on trees

18. Penicillium mold
Used to make antibiotic penicillin

19. Ecological Importance
Recycle nutrients, decomposers
Mychorrizae – see notes
Lichens – see notes
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