1. THE FRENCH REVOLUTION

2. The MODERATE Stage (Bourgeoisie)

3. ESTATES-GENERAL (1789)
Called by Louis XVI to resolve the financial crisis
Meets May 5, 1789
First Estates-General since 1614! (175 years)
The three estates DO agree on some things
Limiting royal absolutism
Granting basic freedoms
Voting system
Each estate still only gets ONE VOTE

4. THE SECOND ESTATE = 1 Vote
THE VOTE
THE FIRST ESTATE = 1 Vote
300 reps
THE SECOND ESTATE = 1 Vote
300 reps
THE THIRD ESTATE = 1 Vote
648 reps

5. NATIONAL ASSEMBLY
3rd Estate declares itself the National Assembly (June 17, 1789)
Invites both 1st and 2nd Estate to join
Louis orders them to disband (June 27, 1789)
**Seen as first great act of French Rev**

6. THE TENNIS COURT OATH June 20, 1789
Louis XVI locks the doors of the meeting room – Versailles
National Assembly moves to an indoor tennis court
Vows not to disband until a constitution is formed

7. LOUIS XVI
June 27, Ordered the National Assembly to Disband (STRONG)
Response “..We are here by the will of the people, and that we will go only if we are driven out by bayonets”
(WEAK) ordered the first two estates to join the National Assembly
Moderate middle class and liberal nobility in control – transfer of power
Louis – Swiss and German mercenaries stationed - Paris & Versailles

8. STORMING OF THE BASTILLE
Rumor = King was planning a military coup against the National Assembly
Bastille
French Royal Prison – 7 prisoners
Was a symbol of the abuse of power
Stormed on July 14, 1789
People want … GUNPOWDER
Is looted and destroyed by French people
18 died, 73 wounded, 7 guards killed
July 14th = French independence day
BOOM!

9. STORMING OF THE BASTILLE
IMPACT
City now has an armed force
Marquis de Lafayette becomes the commander
TRICOLOR FLAG EMERGES
Power shifts from King  National Assembly
More uprisings followed
Many landowners killed and their property destroyed
LEADS TO THE “GREAT FEAR”
Faced with great pressure, nobles concede a plethora of privileges (no more feudal dues)

10. FLAG OF PARIS
BOURBON FLAG
LIBERTY
EQUALITY
FRATERNITY

11. THE GREAT FEAR Time period where rumors spread (summer of 1789)
Rumors included:
King mounting a counterattack
Nobles attempting to put down revolution
Peasants ruthlessly killed nobles and destroyed their estates
They also burn any legal documents tying them to the land
Queen was hording grain at Versailles

12. LIMITING THE MONARCHY
National Assembly issues the Declaration of the Rights of Man (Aug. 27, 1789)
Called for basic human rights in France
“Liberty, security, and prosperity”
Ended feudal rights of nobles over peasants
= to American Declaration of Independence
Was mass produced and spread throughout FRA and Europe
One question remains: HOW MUCH POWER SHOULD THE KING HAVE?

13. DECLARATION OF THE RIGHTS OF WOMEN
1791
Olympe de Gouges ( )
Written in response to the Constitution of 1791
“Social contract between men and women”
Rejected by the National Assembly

14. WOMEN’S MARCH ON VERSAILLES
After the fall of the Bastille, many nobles fled Versailles and left the country
Thus,  in demand for luxuries
Women, who made these luxuries as a source of income, now see dwindling profits
Toppled with  in price of wheat, many women and families began to go HUNGRY
October 5, 1789  7,000 women storm Versailles (OCTOBER DAYS)

15. WOMEN’S MARCH ON VERSAILLES
Stormed the palace looking for … MARIE ANTOINETTE
“We are going to cut off her head, tear out her heart, fry her liver, and that won’t be the end of it”
National Guard saves king, but he had to agree to go live in Paris (Tuileries Palace)
Abolishes French nobility as legal order
Sets out to create a constitutional monarchy
KING now a ceremonial figurehead

17. THE CIVIL CONSTITUION OF THE CLERGY
The National Assembly confiscated land from RCC
WHY?
TO FINANCE THE NEW GOV’T
ABOLISHED THE TITHE
The French government would now pay the salary of the clergy
Bishops and priests elected by the people
Oath of allegiance? FRANCE or THE RCC
RCC branch of the STATE

18. THE KING’S FLIGHT
Amidst great fear and diminishing power, Louis and family attempt to flee
June 20, 1791
Louis is arrested in Varennes and sent back to Paris (was only miles from the border)
King abandoning people - counterrevolutionary
Some argue that the King’s flight = TREASON (JACOBINS)

19. PICTURE: Lynn Hunt

20. CONSTITUTION OF 1791 Completed September 3, 1791
Redefined French government
Three branches
National Assembly = Legislative Assembly
Executive = King (only real power = VETO)
Judicial
ABOLISHED THE ESTATES SYSTEM
Franchise = tax-paying males
constitutional monarchy

21. ROAD TO WAR Leopold II and Frederick William II
Austria, Prussia  fear republics
Issue the Declaration of Pillnitz - August 1791
Brunswick Manifesto – July 1792
Intervene if French revolutionaries infringed on Louis XVI’s rights and did not restore him to power
French revolutionaries take this as threat, and declare war on Austria (April 20, 1792)
PROBLEM = CIVIL WAR /FOREIGN WAR

22. THE FIRST COALITION FRANCE AUSTRIA PRUSSIA BRITIAN SPAIN PIEDMONT
DUKE OF BRUNSWICK - “if the royal family is harmed France will be leveled”
FRANCE
AUSTRIA
PRUSSIA BRITIAN
SPAIN PIEDMONT

23. SUCCESSES OF THE MODERATE STAGE
Abolished special privileges
Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen
Reduce the power and influence of the Roman Catholic Church, KING
Reformed local gov’t – 83 EQUAL districts
Constitution of 1791

24. Picture – Lynn Hunt