1. The Lithosphere Key Terms: Resource & Reserve Crust & lithosphere
Mantle
Ore
With a ‘pal’ define each on rough paper ready for group discussion
“It’s the best bit –IT ROCKS!!”

2. Earth Structure from Memory
On a mini WB draw out what you know about earth structure
Add captions to show:
Depths
Compositions
State

3. To help…..
What has an egg got to do with Earth Structure?

4. Why is Earth like an egg (analogy)?
Core
1. What is the state of each?
Crust
2. What is the composition of each?
Mantle

5. Key Terms…
Do you now want to change any of your definitions?

6. Key Terms Resource & Reserve Crust & lithosphere Mantle Ore
Resource: Anything that is potentially useful to man / total amount of a useful natural material. Are finite!
Resource & Reserve
Crust & lithosphere
Mantle
Ore
Reserve: Amount of a resource that can be exploited with current level of technology and economic conditions. Therefore they change amounts with time!
Crust: Outer layer of earth
underlain by the mantle which contains
useful resources.
Lithosphere: Outer layers of Earth
Comprising crust, ‘Moho’ and mantle.
Is cold, brittle, solid.
Mantle: Solid layer beneath the
crust made of peridotite.
Ore: Type of rock that contains economically important minerals e.g. metals

7. The Lithosphere Lith = Rock The Rocky Sphere or layer
The Earth is a rocky planet along with: Mercury, Venus and Mars.
They are all inner planets sometimes called terrestrial planets because of their proximity to and similar characteristics to Earth.

8. Earth Structure

9. Earth Structure
CONTINENTAL CRUST
OCEANIC CRUST
Continental crust -“Granitic”
Oceanic crust - “Basaltic”
CRUST
CRUST
Peridotite (olivine & augite)
MANTLE
MANTLE
Iron & Nickel
CORE
CORE
This is a compositional layering of the Earth i.e. by what material the layers are made of.

10. Earth Structure
CRUST
solid (cool, brittle & rocky)
LITHOSPHERE
partially molten (only 1-5% molten)
ASTHENOSPHERE
MANTLE
MESOSPHERE
solid (solid-state convection)
liquid
OUTER CORE
CORE
INNER CORE
solid
This is a mechanical layering of the Earth i.e. by what properties the layers have.

11. Earth Structure
Crust
Mantle
Core
Compositional

12. Compositional Mechanical Crust Lithosphere Asthenosphere Mantle
Earth Structure
Crust
Lithosphere
Asthenosphere
Mantle
Mesosphere
Outer Core
Core
Inner Core
Compositional
Mechanical

13. The lithosphere is…………
The outer most rocky sphere of the Earth which is made up of crust, the ‘moho’ and a portion of the upper mantle.
It is cold, solid and brittle (like a Weetabix)
It makes the Earth’s plates which move on top of the
asthenosphere
The asthenosphere is
Partially molten (1-5%) mantle (like porridge)
Heat loss from core drives convection currents in the solid mantle drive
lithospheric plate movement

14. Characteristics of Plates
Fold Mountains
Continental Slope
Shield Areas
Continental Shelf
Abyssal Plain
Sial
Granitic
Continental Crust
Oceanic Crust
2.7g/cm³
Lithosphere
Upper Mantle
Basaltic
3.0 g/cm³
Sima
Asthenosphere
Root Zone
Mantle

15. The Lithosphere consists of
The Earth’s crust, the ‘Moho’ and a portion of the upper mantle.
The crust contains: Rocks, minerals, soils and the land

16. Why is the lithosphere important?
Provides us with resources for life on Earth and services the planets
natural systems:
Physical resources: for human exploitation e.g. Ores (metals / non metals);
rocks and fossil fuels
Biochemical Cycles: That recycle essential biological elements i.e. Carbon
Nitrogen and Phosphorous.
The Soil: Growth medium from most plants, habit for organisms and location
For biochemical cycles

17. Using the Lithosphere
Some of the ways in which the lithosphere can be exploited by man can be
Sustainable (i.e. it will continue to provide resources) e.g. Organic farming
However, many of the uses of the lithosphere are unsustainable because
almost any exploitation may be faster than the replacement rate as some resources
are replaced by geological processes e.g. fossils fuels, metal ores
Removing some resources from the lithosphere from where they accumulated
over geological time can cause problems for areas where the are released where
they don’t naturally occur e.g. acid mine waste

18. Research…Important Mineral Resources
1. Try and compete as much of the table as you can
Without checking? (5 mins)
2. Now make a team of 3
and work together to
share knowledge (5 mins)
Now use the internet and course text to complete the rest