1. Cystectomy – Technical Considerations in Male and Female Patients
Arnulf Stenzl, Udo Nagele, Markus Kuczyk, Karl-Dietrich Sievert, Aristotelis Anastasiadis, Joerg Seibold, Stefan Corvin 
EAU Update Series 
Volume 3, Issue 3, Pages (September 2005)
DOI: /j.euus
Copyright © 2005 Elsevier B.V. Terms and Conditions

2. Fig. 1
Extent of pelvic lymphadenectomy in malignant disease of Urinary bladder (adapted from Rohen/Yokochi, Color Atlas of Anatomy: A Photographic Study of the Human Body; I. Gaku-Shoin, 1984).
EAU Update Series 2005 3, DOI: ( /j.euus )
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3. Fig. 2
Sympathetic nerve fibres crossing the left common iliac artery (U: left ureter, CIA: left common iliac artery).
EAU Update Series 2005 3, DOI: ( /j.euus )
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4. Fig. 3
Stepwise dissection and ligation of the lateral vesicle petical.
EAU Update Series 2005 3, DOI: ( /j.euus )
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5. Fig. 4 Dissection of the genitorectal space.
EAU Update Series 2005 3, DOI: ( /j.euus )
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6. Fig. 5
Shape and location of the urethral rhabdosphincter in correlation to the prostate.
EAU Update Series 2005 3, DOI: ( /j.euus )
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7. Fig. 6
Dissection of the rhabdosphincter should start midway between the bladder neck and the prostatic apex.
EAU Update Series 2005 3, DOI: ( /j.euus )
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8. Fig. 7
In order to preserve the autonomic nerves the seminal vesicles must be carefully peeled out from their surrounding tissue (SV: right seminal vesicle).
EAU Update Series 2005 3, DOI: ( /j.euus )
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9. Fig. 8
Extent of lymphadenctomy in female patients with bladder confined disease: the interrupted line marks the cranial limit of dissection on the right side (AIC: common iliac artery, VIE: external iliac vein, AVS: superior vesical artery).
EAU Update Series 2005 3, DOI: ( /j.euus )
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10. Fig. 9
Schematic (a) and intraoperative (b) delineation of the incision of the anterior vaginal wall.
EAU Update Series 2005 3, DOI: ( /j.euus )
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11. Fig. 10
Schematic (a) and intraoperative (b) situation after radical cystectomy: transverse (clam) reconstruction of the vagina and placement of urethral sutures for an orthotopic neobladder.
EAU Update Series 2005 3, DOI: ( /j.euus )
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12. Fig. 11
Schematic (a) and intraoperative (b) delineation of proximal urethral dissection. For an explanation see text.
EAU Update Series 2005 3, DOI: ( /j.euus )
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13. Fig. 12
After dissection of the urethra the whole cystectomy specimen is just attached to the proximal urethra.
EAU Update Series 2005 3, DOI: ( /j.euus )
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14. Fig. 13
Intraoperative inspection (on a separate table) to ensure removal of the entire bladder neck and a small segment of the urethra.
EAU Update Series 2005 3, DOI: ( /j.euus )
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15. Fig. 14
Schematic drawing (a) and anatomic specimen (b) delineating the autonomic nerves to the bladder neck and urethra.
EAU Update Series 2005 3, DOI: ( /j.euus )
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