1. The River of Life - Blood
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The River of Life - Blood
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Copyright 2005

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Blood – Did You Know…
An average adult has approximately 4.7 L (5 quarts) of blood.
Blood comprises about 8% of a person’s total body weight.
Blood travels 60,000 mi (96,540 Km) per day in your body.
15 million blood cells die every day and have to be replaced.
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Copyright 2005

3. What is the Composition of Blood?
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What is the Composition of Blood?
Blood is about 78% liquid and 22% solids
Four Major Components of Blood
Plasma
Red Blood Cells (RBC)
White Blood Cells (WBC)
Platelets
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Copyright 2005

5. Blood Plasma—The Liquid of Life
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Blood Plasma—The Liquid of Life
Composition:
90% water
Ionic salts (electrolytes)
Soluble proteins
Functions:
Helps maintain homeostatic balance
Allows for the correct function of muscles and nerves
Transports soluble substances
Carries factors needed for blood clotting
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Copyright 2005

6. Plasma Transports: Nutrients Electrolytes Hormones Antibodies
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Plasma Transports:
Nutrients
Electrolytes
Hormones
Antibodies
Clotting factors
Metabolic wastes
Dissolved Gases: oxygen and carbon dioxide
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Copyright 2005

7. Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes)
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Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes)
Most abundant blood cell
5.2 billion RBC per mL of blood
Mature cells lack a nucleus
Average Lifespan: 120 Days
Used with permission of Brian Garrigan
Project Lead The Way©
Copyright 2005

8. Red Blood Cell Facts Can be frozen for ten years
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Red Blood Cell Facts
Can be frozen for ten years
Hemoglobin makes up 33% of cell mass
Primary function is to transport oxygen
Help remove carbon dioxide
Produced in bone marrow
Travel single file through capillaries
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Copyright 2005

9. White Blood Cells (Leukocytes)
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White Blood Cells (Leukocytes)
Types
Monocyte
Neutrophil
Lymphocyte
Basophil
Eosinophil
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Copyright 2005

10. Granulocytes Granulocytes: neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils
Cytoplasmic granules stain specifically with Wright’s stain
Larger and shorter-lived than RBCs
Lobed nuclei
Phagocytic

11. Neutrophils Most numerous WBCs Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs)
Fine granules take up both acidic and basic dyes
Give the cytoplasm a lilac color
Granules contain hydrolytic enzymes or defensins
Very phagocytic—“bacteria slayers”

12. Eosinophils Red-staining, bilobed nuclei
Red to crimson (acidophilic) coarse, lysosome-like granules
Digest parasitic worms that are too large to be phagocytized
Modulators of the immune response

13. Basophils
Rarest WBCs
Large, purplish-black (basophilic) granules contain histamine
Histamine: an inflammatory chemical that acts as a vasodilator and attracts other WBCs to inflamed sites
Are functionally similar to mast cells

14. (a) Neutrophil; multilobed nucleus (b) Eosinophil; bilobed nucleus,
red cytoplasmic
granules
(c) Basophil;
bilobed nucleus,
purplish-black
cytoplasmic
granules
Figure (a-c)

15. Agranulocytes Agranulocytes: lymphocytes and monocytes
Lack visible cytoplasmic granules
Have spherical or kidney-shaped nuclei

16. Lymphocytes
Large, dark-purple, circular nuclei with a thin rim of blue cytoplasm
Mostly in lymphoid tissue; few circulate in the blood
Crucial to immunity

17. Two types
T cells act against virus-infected cells and tumor cells (direct attack)
B cells give rise to plasma cells, which produce antibodies (gamma globulins)

18. Monocytes
Leave circulation, enter tissues, and differentiate into macrophages
Actively phagocytic cells; crucial against viruses, intracellular bacterial parasites, and chronic infections
Activate lymphocytes to mount an immune response

19. (d) Small lymphocyte; large spherical nucleus (e) Monocyte;
kidney-shaped
nucleus
Figure 17.10d, e

20. White Blood Cell Facts Largest of the blood cells
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White Blood Cell Facts
Largest of the blood cells
Normally 5000 to 10,000 WBC per mL blood
Variable life span – from a few days to years
Produced in bone marrow
Part of the immune system
Increase in number when infection or inflammation is present
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Copyright 2005

21. White Blood Cells—Functions
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White Blood Cells—Functions
Monocytes and Neutrophils:
Destroy bacteria and other foreign materials
Signal other immune cells that foreign material is inside body
Lymphocytes:
Destroy abnormal cells
Produce antibodies
Moderate immune response
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Copyright 2005

22. White Blood Cells—Functions
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White Blood Cells—Functions
Eosinophils
Kill multicellular parasites (e.g. blood fluke)
Basophils
Can destroy foreign material
Involved in inflammation response
Involved in development of allergies
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23. Platelets (Thrombocytes)
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Platelets (Thrombocytes)
Formed in bone marrow
Not cells, are fragments of precursor cells
Lifespan—10 Days
Help blood clot by forming “platelet plugs.”
Stimulate other clotting factors
Approximately 250,000 per mL of blood
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Copyright 2005

24. Simulated Blood Smear Used with permission of Ken Hoge
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Simulated Blood Smear
Used with permission of Ken Hoge
Project Lead The Way©
Copyright 2005