1. Russian Revolution

2. Russian Government Before Revolution
Monarchy: The Czar (King)
Until 1905 the Csar's powers were unlimited.
Russia had no constitution
No political party system to check the Tsar's power
Used a strong secret police which terrorized the people.

3. Royal Background Nicholas II
Created the first secret police in Russia, brutal leader, response to revolt of army officers in 1825

4. Czar Alexander II
In 1867, he sold Alaska and the Aleutian Islands to the United States.
Killed by the Revolutionary Group: The People’s Will

5. Czar Alexander III
Alexander III's reign was during an industrial revolution in Russia .
His reign was harsh, and he used fear to control his empire.

6. Czar Nicholas II (1894) Last Czar of Russia
Nicholas II was a harsh and weak ruler
The Russian economy was bankrupt because of the Russo-Japanese War and WWI, Russia’s entry into WWI became very unpopular and people called for the Czar to step down.

7. Czar Nicholas II and Family

8. Russo-Japanese War (1904)
Dispute over Manchuria with Japan, A newly modernized Japanese army beat Russia badly
This shook national confidence on their industrialization progress and the rule of the Czar.

9. Bloody Sunday (1905)
Peasants protested in front of the palace due to the horrible conditions in Russia, troops were ordered to fire upon the innocent people.

10. Russia and World War I Russia declares war on Austria-Hungary
War becomes unpopular
Food shortages throughout the nation
Nicholas II leaves St. Petersburg (capital) in fear for his life to help lead the troops on the front.

12. Rasputin

13. Rasputin with Admirers

14. March Revolution (1917)
1917- protests spread through St. Petersburg and the Royal palace is taken over.
Czar steps down
Provisional government (Duma) takes control
Provisional government unpopular after decision to stay in WWI

15. October (Bolshevik) Revolution-1917
Lead by Vladimir Lenin: He wanted the workers to revolt and overthrown the rich and powerful. “Peace, Land, and Bread”
Won support of people (especially peasants)
1918 March The Bolsheviks accept the peace of Brest‑Litovsk, ending WWI with Germany.

16. Russian Civil War!
1919 White Armies (Royal troops) attack the Reds (Bolsheviks) from all directions.
1920- Reds defeat Whites, Lenin wins control of Russia

17. Rule of Lenin 1920-1924 Economic Reforms:
- mix of capitalism (free trade) and socialism (government control)/ this helps the eonomy.
Political Reforms
-Bolshevik party became Communist Party (One party system)
-Russia becomes the United Soviet Socialist Republics USSR

19. Communism
A classless society where everyone is considered equal and the government owns all property and land everything.
Gov’t (Communist Party) makes decisions on individual jobs and their pay
Question: How is communism different than the US gov?

20. 1924
Lenin Dies
Leon Trotsky vs. Joseph Stalin, compete for control of Russia
Stalin takes control after Lenin dies, is a ruthless dictator.
Now he figure out how he will maintain power
Decides to create a totalitarian state

22. Characteristics of a Totalitarian State
Dictatorship- Absolute Authority in one leader
Dynamic Leader- Vision for the nation
Government Control Over All Sectors of Life
Business, family life, work, youth groups, housing, religion, education, the arts
State Control Over the Individual
Obedience
Denies basic liberties
Organized Violence
Uses force to crush opposition

23. Stalin’s Totalitarian State
State Control of the Economy
5 year plan, collective farms
Police Terror
crush opposition
Religious Persecution
Control of the individual
Propaganda
Molding peoples minds
Education
Controlled by the government