1. Theme: Technology

2. Irrigation Systems
Bringing water from water source to fields for farming
Ditches or water wheels
Early civilizations create irrigation systems to help with farming and creating enough food for growing populations

3. Aqueducts
Ancient Romans built large bridge-like structures to carry water long distances from water sources to cities and farms
Were copied by other civilizations

4. Gunpowder
Invented in the Tang Dynasty of China and its use expanded during the Song Dynasty
Initially used in fireworks, then expanded to weapons- canons, fire-lances, etc.
Europeans perfected the use of gunpowder in weapons

5. Printing Press
Invented by Johannes Gutenberg in 1450-first European moveable-type printing press
First book printed was the Gutenberg Bible
Effects:
Books become easier and faster to make
Literacy increases in Europe
New ideas able to spread quickly- 95 Theses, Enlightenment texts

6. Caravel/Astrolabe
Caravel- ships developed by the Portuguese that combined European square sails and Arab triangular sails, made it easier to sail across/into the wind
Astrolabe- instrument used to help determine latitude location in the ocean
Both used during the Age of Exploration , allowed for sea exploration and Europeans to reach the Americas

7. Steam Engine Developed during the Industrial Revolution
Coal was used to power steam engines- could build machines without needing to be next to a moving water source
Also used for new forms of transportation: steam engine, boats, etc.

8. Factories Develop during the industrial revolution
Built to house machines that are being invented to increase production
Flying Shuttle- weaving could happen at a faster place
Spinning Jenny- quickly produces thread
Results in pollution, poor working conditions, urbanization

9. Nuclear Power
First nuclear weapons were developed/used during WWII (Hiroshima and Nagasaki)
Cold War- Nuclear proliferation led to MAD
Other nations have developed nuclear capabilities, including some “unfriendly” nations (North Korea, Iran)
17 nations are currently known to have nuclear weapons
Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty signed in 1968

10. Chemical Pesticides Developed during the Green Revolution (1960s)
Did help to increase food production, but also led to pollution and huge fear of health risks

11. Scientific Revolution
Develops from the inquiring spirit of the Renaissance
Copernicus- heliocentric model of the universe (supported by evidence from Tycho Brahe)
Johannes Kepler- planets move in ellipses
Galileo Galilei- first telescope, observed movement in the universe
Sir Francis Bacon- Scientific method
Isaac Newton- gravity