1. Promoting Internationalism
Chapter 13: To what extent do organizations promote internationalism?

2. Intergovernmental Organizations
IGOs
Established by formal agreements among nations
Represent individual nations’ interests and collective interests of all nations
Example: United Nations
All nations benefit when war is avoided or a pandemic is contained through international co-operation

3. International Non-Governmental Organizations
INGOs
Not established by governments
Set up by individuals or groups
Typically non-profit
Need money to operate, but their job is not to make money
Pacifist:
Concentrate on nations to confront issues in a non-military fashion
Example: Oxfam International, World Vision
Consist of voluntary members with demographic qualities
Span gender, nationality, religion and class

4. Red Cross
The Red Cross is a neutral and impartial organization that receives a great majority of its funding from donations

5. World Trade Organization (WTO)
162 members as of 2015
Seeks to lower barriers by negotiating and signing agreements between member nations
Requires governments to restrict protectionist trade policies for the benefit of all members
Establishes rules for international trade and commerce

6. International Monetary Fund (IMF)
189 country members
Another example of Hegemonic Internationalism
Arranges for loans to other countries
The changes they require typically require countries to become more market- economy based
Supporters
Foster economic stability
Raise living standards
Ensure stability of the international monetary system
Critics
“loan conditions” imposed on borrowing countries
Recommendations fail to resolve problems within the countries

7. Promoting Revolutionary Internationalism
The world ‘revolution’ implies a radical change, often involving violence

8. Orange Revolution
Civil disobedience, general strikes and protests in Ukraine during
Began after president Viktor Yanukovych was elected under corrupt circumstances (voter fraud)
A re-election was held under foreign supervision and saw the election of Viktor Yushchenko
Opposition poisoned him with Dioxin (found in Agent Orange)
Nearly killed and left disfigured

9. European Union May 1950 EU Today’s EU
French Foreign Minister Robert Schumann
Proposed European countries share resources
A bid to eliminate friction and build peace in Europe EU
Began as the European Coal & Steel Community in 1951
A European government was established in 1952
Marked the beginning of a common government
Judicial & internal affairs were combined and stronger economic and monetary union (the Euro)
Today’s EU
As of 2013, 28 countries are members
Croatia is the latest member
Each has relinquished aspects of it individual sovereignty to reap benefits of EU membership