1. Classical Civilizations in the Mediterranean: Greece and Rome
By: Susan M. Pojer Horace Greeley H.S. Chappaqua, NY
Reorganized and edited by Bobbie Clark

2. The Geography of Greece

3. The Geography of Rome

4. Archaic
Greece:
1650 BCE BCE

5. Bronze Age Greece

6. Crete: Minoan Civilization (Palace at Knossos)

7. Knossos: Minoan Civilization

8. Minoan Civilization

9. The Mycenaean Civilization

10. Homer: The “Heroic Age”

11. The Mask of Agamemnon

12. The History of
Ancient Italy

13. Italy in 750 BCE

14. Influence of the Etruscans
Writing
Religion
The Arch

15. The Mythical Founding of Rome: Romulus & Remus

16. "Hellenic"
(Classical)
Greece:
700 BCE BCE

17. ATHENS: Yesterday & Today

18. Piraeus: Athens’ Port City

19. Early Athenian Lawgivers
Draco
“draconian”
Solon
Cleisthenes
created the first democracy!

20. Persian Wars: 499 BCE – 480 BCE

21. Persian Wars: Famous Battles
Marathon (490 BCE)
26 miles from Athens
Thermopylae (480 BCE)
300 Spartans at the Mountain pass
Salamis (480 BCE)
Athenian navy victorious

22. Golden “Age of Pericles”: 460 BCE – 429 BCE

23. Great Athenian Philosophers
Socrates
Know thyself!
question everything
only the pursuit of goodness brings happiness.
Plato
The Academy
The world of the FORMS
The Republic  philosopher-king

24. Great Athenian Philosophers
Aristotle
The Lyceum
“Golden Mean” [everything in moderation].
Logic.
Scientific method.

25. Athens: The Arts & Sciences
DRAMA (tragedians):
Aeschylus
Sophocles
Euripides
THE SCIENCES:
Pythagoras
Democritus  all matter made up of small atoms.
Hippocrates  “Father of Medicine”

26. Phidias’ Acropolis

27. The Acropolis Today

28. The Parthenon

29. The Agora

30. The Classical Greek “Ideal”

31. Olympia

32. The Ancient Olympics: Athletes & Trainers

33. Olympia: Temple to Hera

34. The 2004 Olympics

35. SPARTA

36. SPARTA
Helots  Messenians enslaved by the Spartans.

37. Peloponnesian Wars

38. Macedonia Under Philip II

39. The Roman
Republic:
509 BCE - 27 BCE

40. Republican Government
2 Consuls
(Rulers of Rome)
Senate
(Representative body for patricians)
Tribal Assembly
(Representative body for plebeians)

41. The Twelve Tables, 450 BCE
Providing political and social rights for the plebeians.

42. The Roman Forum

43. Rome’s Early Road System

44. Roman Roads: The Appian Way

45. The Roman Colosseum

46. The Colosseum Interior

47. The Colosseum Interior

48. Circus Maximus

49. Carthaginian Empire

50. Hannibal’s Route

51. Reform Leaders Military Reformer Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus
the poor should be given grain and small plots of free land.
Military Reformer
Gaius Marius
recruited an army from the poor and homeless.
professional standing army.

52. Civil War & Dictators
Julius Caesar
Pompey

53. Crossing the Rubicon, 49 BC
The Die is Cast!

54. The First Triumvirate Julius Caesar Marcus Licinius Crassus
Gaius Magnus Pompey

55. Beware the Ides of March! 44 BCE

56. The Second Triumvirate
Octavian Augustus
Marc Antony
Marcus Lepidus

57. "Hellenistic"
Greece:
324 BCE BCE

58. Alexander the Great

59. Alexander the Great’s Empire

60. Alexander the Great in Persia

61. The Hellenization of Asia

62. Pergamum: A Hellenistic City

63. The Economy of the Hellenistic World

64. Hellenistic Philosophers
Cynics  Diogenes
ignore social conventions & avoid luxuries.
citizens of the world.
live a humble, simple life.
Epicurians  Epicurus
avoid pain & seek pleasure.
all excess leads to pain!
politics should be avoided.

65. Hellenistic Philosophers
Stoics  Zeno
nature is the expansion of divine will.
concept of natural law.
get involved in politics, not for personal gain, but to perform virtuous acts for the good of all.
true happiness is found in great achievements.

66. Hellenism: The Arts & Sciences
Scientists / Mathematicians:
Aristarchus  heliocentric theory.
Euclid  geometry
Archimedes  pulley
Hellenistic Art:
More realistic; less ideal than Hellenic art.
Showed individual emotions, wrinkles, and age!

67. The Breakup of Alexander’s Empire

68. The
Roman Empire:
27 BCE CE

69. Octavian Augustus: Rome’s First Emperor

70. The First Roman Dynasty

71. Pax Romana: 27 BCE – 180 CE

72. The Greatest Extent of the Roman Empire – 14 CE

73. The Rise of Christianity

74. St. Paul: Apostle to the Gentiles

75. The Spread of Christianity

76. Imperial Roman Road System

77. Diocletian Splits the Empire in Two: 294 CE

78. Constantine:

79. Constantinople: “The 2nd Rome” (Founded in 330)

80. Barbarian Invasions: 4c-5c

81. Attila the Hun: “The Scourge of God”

82. Byzantium: The Eastern Roman Empire

83. The Byzantine Empire During the Reign of Justinian

84. The Byzantine Emperor Justinian

85. The Legacy of Rome Republic Government Roman Law Latin Language
Roman Catholic Church
City Planning
Romanesque Architectural Style
Roman Engineering
Aqueducts
Sewage systems
Dams
Cement
Arch

86. Rome vs. Greece 1. Mighty empire vs. inept/Greek city-states
2. Mastered engineering vs. scientific thought
3. Western Europe-Greco Roman vs. Eastern Europe- Greek influence
4. Shared- political ideas, religion, artistic styles, and economic structures

87. Religion
Christianity spread, but not a product of Christian/Roman Culture
Greco-Roman religion-nature>gods and goddesses
Different names/interacted w/mortals/whims/soap opera
God Stories used to illustrate human passions- literature

88. Economy and Society Difficulty Farming Merchants- better than Chinese
Slavery- key component to agriculture and military expansion
Behind India and China in technology
Not as bad for women as China

89. Shout Out to the Persians
550 BCE Cyrus the Great- massive Persian Empire across Middle East
Tolerant of local customs
Advanced iron technology
Zoroastrianism
Artistic lifestyle
Conquered by Alexander the Great
Persian language and culture survived in the 20th Century