1. Space
The Elements of Design

3. Space
Space is the distance or area between two points, lines, or objects.
Space can be 2 dimensional or 3 dimensional.
2D space refers to the flat area of the picture plane. In a picture plane, there is usually negative, “empty” space (background) and positive, “filled in” space (foreground).

5. Space
3D space is the actual space occupied by a form, or the actual space between forms. The illusion of 3-D space can be created on a 2-D picture plane using the following techniques:
Overlapping Shapes - an object drawn in front of another object will be understood to be closer.
Scale - objects of identical size appear smaller in the distance. The effect of this can be enhanced by placing the smaller object higher up on the picture plane.

6. Space
The illusion of 3-D space can be created on a 2-D picture plane using the following techniques:
Linear Perspective - the use of parallel lines converging on a vanishing point.
Atmospheric Perspective - the imitation of the effect of the atmosphere and distance on an object’s appearance. Colour appears duller and bluish-grey in the distance, and less detail is visible. Also called aerial perspective.

7. Space
The illusion of 3-D space can be created on a 2-D picture plane using the following techniques:
Shading - using lighter and darker values to create highlights and shadows, which can give shapes the appearance of form. Also called modeling. Cast shadows help to create this illusion as well.
Warm and Cool Colours - Warm colours like orange and red seem to come forward, and cool colours like blue and green seem to fall back. Placing a warm colour in the positive space (the foreground) and a cool colour in the negative space (the background) increases the illusion of space.

10. Space Exercise #1
Use 2 point perspective to create a random pile of blocks that overlap, stack, and have at least one hole. Shade the sides to further the illusion of three dimensions.

11. Space Exercise #2
Use 2 point perspective to create your name in 3D block letters. Shade the sides to further the illusion of three dimensions.