1. Animal Form & Function Immune System
AP & Pre-AP Biology
Serrano High School

2. Nonspecific Defenses Do not discriminate Present at birth
Prevent approach of pathogens

3. Nonspecific Defenses Physical barriers Skin Creates effective barrier
Multiple layers
Keratin
Desmosomes

4. Nonspecific Defenses Physical barriers Secretions Oil, sweat, mucus
Wash away pathogens
Lysozyme kills bacteria

5. Nonspecific Defenses Phagocytes Neutrophils
Phagocytize cellular debris & invading bacteria

6. Nonspecific Defenses Phagocytes Eosinophils
Target foreign compounds or pathogens coated with antibodies

7. Nonspecific Defenses Phagocytes Macrophage Derived from monocytes
Large

8. Nonspecific Defenses Phagocytes NK cells Natural killer cells
Large lymphocytes
Destroy abnormal cells
Constantly monitor normal tissues

9. Nonspecific Defenses Inflammatory response
Histamine released by basophils
Blood vessels dilate
Increased blood flow to damaged area
Phagocytes mobilized
Complement activated
20 proteins
React in chain reaction
Attacks & breaks down cell walls

10. Specific Defenses Target specific antigen Involves lymphocytes
Remembers antigens encountered in the past
Ignores self and attacks nonself

11. Specific Defenses Cell-Mediated Immunity
Provides defense against abnormal cells & pathogens inside living cells
Involves T cells (green cell)

12. Specific Defenses Cell-Mediated Immunity
Antigen engulfed by macrophage
Antigen broken down
Macrophage presents pieces of antigen on cell membrane
Specific T cell binds to antigen pieces
Specific T cell activated

13. Specific Defenses Cell-Mediated Immunity
Activated T cell divides & differentiates
Helper T cells – stimulate immune response
Cytotoxic T cells – killer T cells
Memory T cells – remember encountered antigens; activated with 2nd exposure
Supressor T cells – slows things down

14. Specific Defenses Antibody-Mediated Immunity
Provides defense against antigens & pathogens in body fluids
Involves B cells

15. Specific Defenses
Antibody-Mediated Immunity

16. Specific Defenses Antibody-Mediated Immunity Specific B cell activated
Activated B cell divides & differentiates
Plasma cells
Produce antibodies
Memory B cells
Remember encountered antigens
Activated with 2nd exposure

17. Specific Defenses Antibody-Mediated Immunity Specific B cell activated
Activated B cell divides & differentiates
Plasma cells
Produce antibodies
Memory B cells
Remember encountered antigens
Activated with 2nd exposure

18. Specific Defenses Primary Immune Response Period I B cell activated
Activated B cell divides & differentiates
Plasma cells produce antibodies

19. Specific Defenses Secondary Immune Response Period II
Memory B cell activated
Faster response
Stronger response
Less lag time after exposure