1. Low-energy kaons interaction studies at DAFNE AMADEUS and SIDDHARTA
(KAONNIS)
Catalina Curceanu
(On behalf of SIDDHARTA-2 and AMADEUS Collaborations)
LNF – INFN, Frascati
45th LNF Scientific Committee (20/11/2012)

2. KAONNIS (Integrated Initiative):
SIDDHARTA data analyses and SIDDHARTA-2
AMADEUS - AMADEUS carbon target (NEW!!!)
and KLOE data analyses in collaboration with KLOE
other activities related to strangeness physics (JPARC)-
European projects: HP3 (ongoing), ERC (Oton Vqzquez Doc)e, SYNERGY (in preparation)
HYP2012, Barcelona, October 2012
New trends in the low-energy QCD in the strangeness Sector, ECT* October 2012

3. Antikaonic Matter At DAFNE: an Experiment Unraveling Spectroscopy
AMADEUS
Antikaonic Matter At DAFNE: an Experiment Unraveling Spectroscopy
AMADEUS collaboration:
119 scientists from 13 Countries and 34 Institutes
For more details – talks at previous SC

4. AMADEUS @ KLOE idea – to implement inside Drift Chamber a dedicated setup

5. Experimental program of AMADEUS
Unprecedented studies of the low-energy charged kaons
interactions in nuclear matter: solid and gaseous targets (d,
He3, He4) in order to obtain unique quality information
about :
Nature of the (elusive) L(1405)
Possible existence of kaonic nuclei clusters (deeply bound kaonic nuclei states)
Interaction of K- with one and two nucleons
Low-energy charged kaons cross sections for K momenta lower than 100 MeV/c (missing today);
Many other processes of interest in the low-energy QCD in strangeness sector -> implications from particle and nuclear physics to astrophysics

6. AMADEUS status: - analyses of the KLOE data - Step 0 (undergoing) – Pure Carbon Target inside KLOE - R&D for more refined setup Future possible scenario

7. AMADEUS status: - analyses of the KLOE data - Step 0 (undergoing) – Pure Carbon Target inside KLOE - R&D for more refined setup Future possible scenario

8. Low-energy K- hadronic interactions studies in the 2002-2005 KLOE data
MC simulations show that :
~ 0.1 of K- are stopped in the gas filling the DC volume (90% He, 10% C4H10)
~2% of K- are stopped in the DC entrance wall (750 m c. f. , 150 m Al foil).
Special features of the KLOE detector :
96% acceptance
optimized in the energy range of all charged particles involved
good performances of the calorimeter for photos.

9. Low-energy K- hadronic interactions studies with KLOE, MOTIVATION
schematic side view of the KLOE detector

10. KLOE data analyses by the AMADEUS group: - L(1116) selection (O. Vazquez Doce) - Lp and Ld channels (O. Vazquez Doce) - one versus two nucleons interactions (O. Vazquez Doce) - L(1405) -> S0p0 (K. Piscicchia) - L(1405) -> S+p- and S - L conversion(A. Scordo) - L(1405) -> S-p+ (I. Tucakovic)

11. Λp, Λd analysis
The search for KNC is done by studying decay products through the channels Λp and Λd
Important input other “standard” hadronic interactions of negatively charged kaons:
Single Nucleon Absorption: K-N -> Λ(Σ)π
Nucleons emerging as spectators from the residual
nucleus with low momentum
2NA, 3NA: K-NN -> ΛN (non mesonic modes)
Λ and nucleons results with high momentum Λd Λp
The most
probable process

12. Preliminary evaluation with 2-body decay
Energy loss
PRELIMINARY
Preliminary evaluation with 2-body decay

13. Invariant mass Λp ALL Λp events Pp(MeV) Minv Λp (MeV) Comparison with
Acceptance
corrected (a. u.)
Uncorrected
PΛ(MeV)
ALL Λp events
Pp(MeV)
Minv Λp (MeV)
Comparison with
KEK results
2NA
????
1NA
Spectra splitted
by missing mass analysis
Main difference: acceptance!
Impossibility to see single nucleon absorption with reduced acceptance! (even when more than 10 times more probable)
Enormous advantage of AMADEUS

14. Invariant mass Λp K-N -> Λπ Λp + π- events ALL Λp events Pp(MeV)
Acceptance
corrected (a. u.)
Uncorrected
Λp + π- events
PΛ(MeV)
ALL Λp events
Pp(MeV)
Minv Λp (MeV)
Main difference: acceptance!
Impossibility to see single nucleon absorption with reduced acceptance! (even when more than 10 times more probable)
Lambda + proton + pion analysis
allows to isolate the single nucleon absorption process
Mesonic channel: Λp + π-
K-N -> Λπ

15. Invariant masses Λd PΛ(MeV) Pd(MeV) Minv Λd (MeV) Mdeuteron (MeV/c2)
-Analyzed data ~1 fb-1
-Even with big efforts for increasing the statistics (use of pseudo-vertex events, selection cuts relaxed) the number of events in helium is very small
* For Λd, TOF cut is required
Pd(MeV)
Minv Λd (MeV) No
tof cut
With
tof cut
Mdeuteron (MeV/c2)

16. Study of the 0 0 channel through kaon-nuclei interaction processes
at low energies with the KLOE detector ..
Kristian Piscicchia
Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati – INFN
Scientific commitee
Frascati 20/11/2012

18. Study of the L(1405) through the  decay channel3
We searched for signal of (1405) produced by interaction of K- with a bound proton in carbon (DC entrance wall) or in the gas filling the DC (up to now a total luminosity of ~1 fb-1 was analyzed), according to the reaction:
K- ”p” → → → p
As first we identify the  → p decay vertex (BR = 64%) , then 3 photon clusters are identified (efficiency ~100%) and associated to the correct   combination (efficiency ~80%)

19. K- nuclear absorption in the KLOE setup elements
KLOE DC entrance wall: aluminated carbon fiber cylinder
Geant MC simulations of the KLOE apparatus:
81% K- int. in C , 19% K- int. in Al
Resolution in interaction vertex radial position  = 0.36  0.01 cm
limits set by a multigaussian (+flat) fit:  = 25  1.22 cm i.e. : K- Interaction in gas contamination 6%
KLOE DC gas mixture (90% He, 10% C4H10), ratio of absorptions in He and C:
K- H estimated interaction probability :
pK-H = /
 limit set taking into account for  decay path and MC
( = 0.13  0.01 cm):  > 30 cm

20. M00 spectra 5
M00 spectra (events in gas (black), events in DC wall (blue)) (non resonant misidentification background (p = 0.2) in green) . The subtracted spectra are shown left.
(m ≈ 17 MeV/c2 true MC information, phace space, quasi-free K- C simulation)
high mass component above the kinematical mass limit at rest (1412/1416 MeV/c2 (He/C) red arrow)

21. M00 vs p0 correlation
m00 as a function of the momentum p00. Red arrow corresponds to kinematical mass limit at-rest. Events in gas (top) events in DC wall (bottom).
The LM component ( p00 around MeV/c) is correlated with masses above the kinematical mass limit at-rest.
Analyses ongoing
(Ph D thesis)
Unique results!

22. S+p- analysis L(1405) We are looking for (A. Scordo - started):
K- + p --> L*(1405) --> S++p-
p + p0
g + g

23. Other interesting study
- S+ internal conversion K- + p + (pnn) --> L*(1405) + (pnn) --> S++p- +(pnn)
+ n
n + p0 + p <-- L(1116) + p
g + g
Similar final states:
K- + p + (pnn) --> p +p- + g + g +(pnn) (1405)
K- + p + (pnn) --> p +p- + g + g + n +(pn) (IC)

24. We thank to all the KLOE Collaboration for this great opportunity!
Special thanks to
Paolo Franzini, Juliet Lee Franzini, Antonio Di
Domenico, Barbara Sciascia, Filippo Ceradini, Antonio
de Santis, Erika de Lucia, Vincenzo Patera, Simona
Giovannella, Paolo Santangelo
Fabio Bossi, Stefano Miscetti, Caterina Bloise
KLONE team
Many thanks to:
Alessandra Filippi and Stefano Piano

25. AMADEUS status: - analyses of the KLOE data - Step 0 (undergoing) – Pure Carbon Target inside KLOE - R&D for more refined setup Future possible scenario

26. Pure Carbon target inside KLOE DC
for the study of the kaon-nuclei interaction processes at low energies:
1405) -> 0 0 ( , ), (1116)p, (1116)d....)

27. Carbon target construction SMI-Vienna (august 2012)

28. Carbon target inside KLOE – gain factor:
data: ~2% of K- were stopped in the DC entrance wall (750 m c. f. , 150 m Al foil): according to MC simulation ~24+2% of K- will be stopped in carbon target
with 100 pb-1 (data taking presently undergoing!) -> a gain of a factor ~ 3 w.r.t data
Half-cylinder (for K+ tagging) one half 4 mm thickness, other half 6 mm thickness to take into account for the boost.
Length 600 mm, radius 247 mm, angular extension 165° (optimized with insertion tests into the KLOE setup)

29. Pure carbon target inserted in KLOE end of August 2012 – presently in data taking!

30. We started shifts for the Carbon-target data taking on 9 November
We have up to now about 32 pb-1 of data
Preliminary analyses to start this week (O. Vazquez Doce, Kristian Piscicchia, Hideyuki Tatsuno and KLOE team – special thanks to Antonio de Santis)
Many
Many thanks to:
- all the KLOE Collaboration
the DAFNE team
Giancarlo Sensolini
Alessandra Filippi and Stefano Piano

31. AMADEUS status: - analyses of the KLOE data - Step 0 (undergoing) – Pure Carbon Target inside KLOE - R&D for more refined setup Future possible scenario

32. Trigger system requirements
Small dimensions
Working in magnetic field
Working at room temperature
Very good time resolution (s ~ 300 ps)
High efficiency
Trigger system requirements
Multi Pixel Photon Counters (MPPC) 32

33. New electronics and 64 channels prototype
32 Sci-Fi read at both sides
2 indipendent double layers with adjustable angle
Amplification of a factor 10
64 Constant Fraction Discr.
Logic OR of all detectors

35. GEM-TPC construction: Field Cage
32 copper strips on both
sides of Kapton foil
(strip pitch 2.5 mm)
15 cm
Cylindrical mould of the Field cage in vacuum bag
30 cm
The Field Cage has been produced with the same C-GEM tecnique
100 M resistor
M.Poli Lener 35 35

36. Tests at PSI Paper in preparation GEM-TPC construction: Assembly 10 cm
Field Cage support
GEMs
Tests at PSI
Paper in preparation
Cathode electrode
M.Poli Lener 36 36

37. AMADEUS status: - analyses of the KLOE data - Step 0 (undergoing) – Pure Carbon Target inside KLOE - R&D for more refined setup Future possible scenario

38. AMADEUS Future possible scenario - Solid targets: C (continues) – to arrive at 300 pb-1 Be target for pb-1 Li6,7 targets 300 pb-1 – hypernuclear physics Cryogenic targets – H, d, He3, He4 Compatible with KLOE data taking

42. EXCELLENT PHYSICS with DAFNE in PRESENT CONDITIONS

43. SIDDHARTA-2
SIlicon Drift Detector for Hadronic Atom Research by Timing Applications
LNF- INFN, Frascati, Italy
SMI- ÖAW, Vienna, Austria
IFIN – HH, Bucharest, Romania
Politecnico, Milano, Italy
MPE and TUM, Munchen, Germany, Germany
PNSensors, Munich, Germany
RIKEN, Japan
Univ. Tokyo, Japan
Victoria Univ., Canada
Univ. Zagreb, Criatia

44. The scientific aim of SIDDHARTA
To perform precision measurement of kaonic atoms X-ray transitions -> unique info about the QCD in non-perturbative regime in the strangeness sector not obtainable otherwise
Precision measurement of the shift and of the width
of the 1s level of kaonic hydrogen and
the first measurement of kaonic deuterium
And other types of kaonic atoms
SIDDHARTA went beyond what expected, since we did:
Precision measurements of kaonic helium 3 and 4 (2p level)
Other low-Z kaonic atom transitions were measured (kaonic kapton)
Yields measurements (kaonic atoms cascade processes)

45. SIDDHARTA results: - Kaonic Hydrogen: 400pb-1, most precise measurement ever,Phys. Lett. B 704 (2011) 113, Nucl. Phys. A881 (2012) 88; Ph D - Kaonic deuterium: 100 pb-1, as an exploratory first measurement ever, draft of paper Nucl. Phys. A; Ph D - Kaonic helium 4 – first measurement ever in gaseous target; published in Phys. Lett. B 681 (2009) 310; NIM A628 (2011) 264 and Phys. Lett. B 697 (2011);; PhD - Kaonic helium 3 – 10 pb-1, first measurement in the world, published in Phys. Lett. B 697 (2011) 199; Ph D - Widths and yields of KHe3 and KHe4 - Phys. Lett. B714 (2012) 40; ongoing: KH yields; kaonic kapton yields; -> publications SIDDHARTA – important TRAINING for young researchers

53. \

55. SIDDHARTA2 strategy – phases
1) Kaonic deuterium measurement - 1st measurement: and R&D for other measurements 2) Kaonic helium transitions to the 1s level – 2nd measurement, R&D 3) Other light kaonic atoms (KO, KC,…) 4) Heavier kaonic atoms measurement (Si, Pb…) 5) Kaon radiative capture – L(1405) study 6) Investigate the possibility of the measurement of other types of hadronic exotic atoms (sigmonic hydrogen ?) 7) Kaon mass precision measurement at the level of <10 keV
ECT* Workshop in Otctober 2012
New trends in the low-energy QCD in the strangeness sector:
experimental and theoretical aspects

56. The upgrade of the SIDDHARTA apparatus for an enriched scientific case
Exploring the (very) low-energy QCD in the strangeness sector
by means of exotic atoms
14 June 2010 56 56

57. SIDDHARTA-2
The SIDDHARTA collaboration deliver a document stipulating clearly how to improve the experiment, including a detailed description of the detector modifications, of the resulting improvement in signal and background rates, and of the reasons why 600 pb−1 will be sufficient for a good kaonic-deuterium measurement. This new document should be available two months in advance of the next SC meeting, and should focus on the kaonic deuterium program. 57 57

58. essential improvements
The SIDDHARTA-2 setup,
essential improvements
new target design
new SDD arrangement
vacuum chamber
more cooling power
improved trigger scheme
shielding and anti-coincidence (veto) 58

59. New target cell and SDD arrangement59

60. Burst pressure 3.5 bar (abs.)
LEANNIS Prague, May 21, 2012 60

61. LEANNIS Prague, May 21, 2012 61

62. New design of the cooling transfer lines for
target and SDDs
Target cooling:
1 Leybold – K
Liquid hydrogen cooling lines,
new target cell, selected materials
SDD cooling:
4 CryoTiger – K
Liquid argon cooling lines:
SDD cooling to 100 – 120 K 62

63. Target cell SDDs SDD- electronic Kaon monitor upper scintillator K-
Veto counter
Kaon monitor
upper scintillator K+
lower scintillator
Kaonstopper:
K+-K- discrimination
Interaction
region 63

64. 64

65. BTF test 23-29 April 2012 tests at PSI in June 2012 (with pions and protons)

66. A multi – reflection Scintillator for the VETO system of the SIDDHARTA experiment
SIDDHARTA Vacuum Chamber
Short path Scintillator
Long path Scintillator
Scintillator
Light Guide
Mirrors
Which are the difference between Long and Short?
How much is their efficiency?
How much is the time resolution?
Is this compatible with the 2 ns peak?

67. Resolution of Mean Timer (BTF)
FWHM = 940 ps (fingers included)

68. SIDDHARTA Monte Carlo

71. MC simulation - summary
new geometry
& gas density
timing
resolution
K± dis-crimination
del‘d anti-coinc.
prompt
anti-coinc.
total impr.
factor
Signal
2.5
0.8
2.0
kaonic X-rays wall stops 20
continuous background /Signal /keV
3.8
ratio of gasstops vs.
decay+wallstops 2
events due to decay of K+ removed
charged particle veto
15.2
beam background (asynchron)
4.8
less trigger per signal
1.5
smaller
coincidence gate 3
„active shielding“
21.6
Kaonic deuterium 71

72. Kaonic deuterium, 600 pb-1 model input shift = - 660 eV width= 1200 eV72

73. Kd measurement:
SIDDHARTA-2 setup is going to be ready within 2013 (compatible with financing)
We are confident that with an integrated luminosity of 600 pb-1, SIDDHARTA-2 will be able to perform a first X-ray measurement of the strong interaction parameters - the energy displacement and the width of the kaonic deuterium ground state, a fundamental measurement in low-energy strangeness QCD.
In SIDDHARTA-like conditions this measurement would take about 4 months
This window of opportunity should be realized. 73 73

74. Being us and all the community convionced that
DAFNE represents a unique
complete way the kaon-nucleon/nuclei
opportunity to study in a
physics at low energy

75. Requests
SIDDHARTA-2 Collaboration CANNOT continue to work without any time scale – all sorts of difficulties (as anyone can imagine). We ask:
to be considered in the planning of LNF-INFN activities (this includes support for fellowships and postdocs)
a concrete time schedule for the installation of SIDDHARTA-2 at DAFNE and for the data taking
With effective steps to be performed in this direction within 2014
If this is not the case, we cannot guarantee the survival of SIDDHARTA-2
This window of opportunity should be realized. 75 75

76. To (re)open the second IP with or without crab waist scheme
Where to install SIDDHARTA-2? A realistic possible scenario:
To (re)open the second IP with or without crab waist scheme 76