1. Acids and Bases

2. General properties ACIDS Turn litmus React with active metals – Fe, Zn
React with bases
BASES
Turn litmus
Feel soapy or slippery (react with fats to make soap)
React with acids

3. Definitions Arrehenius Bronsted-Lowry Lewis Acids – produce H+
Bases - produce OH-
Acids – donate H+
Bases – accept H+
Acids – accept e- pair
Bases – donate e- pair
only in water
Bronsted-Lowry
any solvent
Lewis
used in organic chemistry,
wider range of substances

4. Examples The hydrogen ion in aqueous solution
H H2O  H3O+ (hydronium ion)
Examples
Arrhenius
HCl
NaOH
Bronsted-Lowry
HCl
HCN
NH3
Lewis
BF3
:NH3

5. Neutralization HCl + NaOH  NaCl + HOH
In general: Acid Base  Salt + Water
All neutralization reactions are double displacement reactions.

6. Behavior of oxides in water– Group A
105 Db
107 Bh
basic
amphoteric
acidic 8A 1A
3A 4A 5A 6A 7A 2A
Group B
basic: Na2O + H2O  2NaOH
(O H2O  2OH-)
acidic: CO H2O  H2CO3

7. pH The biological view in the human body acidic basic/alkaline saliva1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
saliva
blood
urine
gastric juice
vaginal fluid
pancreatic juice
bile
cerebrospinal fluid
Tortora & Grabowski, Prin. of Anatomy & Physiology, 10th ed., Wiley (2003)

8. Thank You