1. UNIT 5.1
EARLY YEARS
OF THE WAR
MR. Dickerson

2. 1. What percentage of colonists were:
Patriots
Loyalists
Neutral

3. PATRIOTS: 40%
LOYALISTS: 20%
NEUTRAL: 40%

4. 2. Where were most of the Loyalists located at in the colonies and where were the Patriots located?

5. Loyalists were located mostly in cities, New York state and the South
Patriots were mostly located in Virginia and Massachusetts

6. 3. Which side did the Native Americans support in the war?

7. Native Americans supported both sides in the war

8. 4. How many African Americans served in the war?

9. A total of 5,000 African Americans served in the Continental Army

10. 5. At the start of the war, for how long did men enlist in the army?

11. Men first enlisted for one year

12. 6. Describe how the Continental Army was supported:

13. They weren’t! The army was lacking many important supplies, food, and good shelter

14. 7. How did women support the war effort?

15. Many women followed their husbands in camp
Women cooked, did laundry, nursed the sick, etc.

16. 8. How did MARY HAYS help the war effort?

17. MARY HAYS was also known as “Molly Pitcher”
She was famous for giving water to men at the front lines working the cannons

20. 9. What was Washington’s major goal, especially, at the start of the war?

21. Washington’s goal was to just survive by fighting a defensive war and tire out the British.
The colonists wanted to outlast the British Army

22. 10. What is a MERCENARY?

23. MERCENARY – a professional soldier paid to fight for another country

24. HESSIANS IN BATTLE

25. 11. Describe the pamphlet series known as “The American Crisis”:

26. “The American Crisis” was a series of articles written by Thomas Paine
It convinced the soldiers to hang on and continue to fight

27. THOMAS PAINE

28. 12. Why did Washington need to do something drastic before the start of 1777?

29. Most enlistments were up on December 31, 1776
Washington needed to do something to convince them to stay and fight

30. 13. How did Washington and his men celebrate Christmas 1776?

31. They crossed the Delaware River and did a surprise attack on the British and Hessians at Trenton
Washington and his troops won

32. WASHINGTON AND HIS TROOPS CROSS THE DELAWARE RIVER FOR A SURPRISE ATTACK ON THE BRITISH

34. WASHINGTON AND HIS TROOPS CROSS THE DELAWARE ON THE NEW JERSEY QUARTER

37. * Define Strategy:

38. A strategy is a plan of action to follow

39. 14. Describe the importance of the BATTLE OF TRENTON to the colonists:

40. The Patriots gained needed supplies and lifted their spirits

42. 15. Describe England’s strategy in trying to capture the Hudson River:

43. The English wanted to cut off New England from the rest of the colonies

44. BRITISH WANT TO CAPTURE THE HUDSON RIVER TO CUT OFF NEW ENGLAND FROM THE REST OF THE COLONIES

45. 16. Who was British General John Burgoyne

46. Burgoyne was the British General in the north.
Known as “Gentlemen Johnny” because
he celebrated big victories

47. * Define Rendezvous:

48. Rendezvous: To meet up with someone at a pre-planned location at a specific time

49. 17. How did General Burgoyne mess up the British plan to meet together?

50. He took too long and decided to attack Washington and his men instead of meeting up in Albany

51. THE BRITISH STRATEGY TO MEET AT ALBANY

52. 18. Which army won the BATTLES OF SARATOGA?

53. The colonists won the Battles of Saratoga

54. Surrender of General Burgoyne at Saratoga

55. 19. List the 2 important results of the Battles of Saratoga?

56. Benedict Arnold fell in love while recovering from a wound
Benedict Arnold fell in love while recovering from a wound. The woman he fell in love with was a British loyalist and convinced Arnold to spy for the British

57. 2)This battle is the TURNING POINT of the war
2)This battle is the TURNING POINT of the war. It convinced several European countries to help the colonies in the war

58. THE
END