1. dr. Nindya Aryanty, M. Med. Ed
Benefit and Harm
dr. Nindya Aryanty, M. Med. Ed

2. Benefit and harm
In applying and advancing scientific knowledge, medical practice and associated technologies, direct and indirect benefits to patients, research participants and other affected individuals should be maximized and any possible harm to such individuals should be minimized

3. STEM CELL RESEARCH AND THERAPY
Future of medicine
Potential to treat chronic, degenerative conditions
Potential to replace loss or damaged tissues
Stem cells to screen new drugs, produce hormones and other cell based therapy

4. Benefit and harm
Health (WHO definition) : a state of complete physical, mental and social well being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
Health benefit  relief of suffering; care; prevention of disease, illness, disability;
enhancement, psychological benefit, etc.

5. Benefit A person suffer from disease go to see doctor
Doctor identify their healthy needs
Doctor give treatment (cure, palliation)  HEALTH BENEFIT

6. Benefit Prophylactic treatment (disease prevention treatment)
Ex. Vaccination against meningitis for pilgrims of hajj
Protected from the onset of a disease  HEALTH BENEFIT

7. Benefit Non-disease condition (accident  broken legs, head injury)
The provision of prostheses to people who suffered the loss of legs in accident
Restoring proper physical functioning by treating the results of non-disease events  HEALTH BENEFIT
To treat social dysfunction  HEALTH BENEFIT

8. Benefit Infertility  have no child
(psychological and social problems)
IVF (in vivo fertilization)
Resolving mental and social problems  HEALTH BENEFIT

9. Benefit
The benefit of the provision of adequate defence capabilities to provide for the security to a population
The benefits of the provision of education to a population
The ability to lead a socially and economically productive life

10. Harm
A surgical procedure to remove an ovarian cyst is carried out successfully on a patient. In the course of the procedure one of her fallopian tubes is inadvertently damaged and scarred. This damage results in infertility.
Has a harm been visited upon that patient?
Answer : it all depends on the patient. If the patient considers that she has completed her family and that she will not want any further children, then the inability to conceive will not constitute a harm for her.

11. Benefit and Harm Health care decisions :
Assessment has to be made between risk of harm and potential benefits
Where the risk of harm outweighs possible benefit  the treatment is not indicated
Two or more patients  focusing on patients who are most in need because of the harm they are suffering or on patients for whom treatment will produce the greatest benefit