1. QNX Technology Overview
Custom Engineering Services Program
Kerry Johnson
November 22, 2018

2. Networking System Complexity
Fault Management
Diagnostics
Health Monitoring
Alarm Detection & Reporting
Remote
Network Management
SNMP
TL1
Control Loops
Network Topology and Restoration
G-MPLS
CR-LDP
OSPF
Performance Monitoring
IP Statistics
SONET/SDH
Local Craft Interface
CLI
GUI
November 22, 2018
QNX Confidential. All content copyright QNX Software Systems.

3. Developing Complex Systems
Management
Interfaces
Diverse system requirements
Rich feature set
Demanding performance requirements
Demanding availability requirements
Large, multi-site teams development
Geographic and time zone separation
Division of responsibilities, functional areas and expertise
Differing designer skill sets
Parallel development, followed by system integration and verification
Fault
Management
Restoration
November 22, 2018
QNX Confidential. All content copyright QNX Software Systems.

4. The QNX development platform
QNX® Momentics® development suite
Develop
Deploy
QNX® Neutrino® RTOS
Debug
Analyze
Optimize
November 22, 2018
QNX Confidential. All content copyright QNX Software Systems.

5. QNX Confidential. All content copyright QNX Software Systems.
QNX Product Snapshot
QNX4
Wavemaker “Talk”
November 22, 2018
QNX Confidential. All content copyright QNX Software Systems.

6. Achieving Scalability
Scaling the platform
Distributed, multiprocessor system to accommodate required capacity
Processing intensive nodes can accommodate growth through multiprocessor approach (symmetric processing systems)
Scaling the software
Software architecture needs to accommodate distributed environment
Software needs to support parallel processing
Scaling development teams
Building large scale systems is also a people issue
Tools and development techniques are a key consideration
November 22, 2018
QNX Confidential. All content copyright QNX Software Systems.

7. Distributed processing with a monolithic kernel
Monolithic kernel provides process management, timers, scheduling, interrupt handling
In addition, many OS services are implemented in the kernel
Network stack
File Systems
Device drivers
Distributed processing only applies to the application level
TCP/IP stack, file systems, device drivers are not addressable by external systems
Application
Application
Monolithic Kernel
Process Management, Scheduling
Timers, IPC
TCP/IP
Stack
File
System
Ethernet
Driver
Flash
Driver
PCI
Driver
Ethernet
Port
Flash
Memory
PCI
Bus
November 22, 2018
QNX Confidential. All content copyright QNX Software Systems.

8. Distributed processing with a micro kernel
Micro kernel provides basic process management, IPC, interrupts, scheduling
Most OS services are implemented as applications in user space
Network stack
File systems
Device drivers
Services exist as applications that can be used either locally or remotely
External applications can address OS services on a node
Protection / control is provided through a process interface
Application
Application
Micro Kernel
Process Management, Scheduling
Timers, IPC
TCP/IP
Stack
File
System
Ethernet
Driver
Flash
Driver
PCI
Driver
Ethernet
Port
Flash
Memory
PCI
Bus
November 22, 2018
QNX Confidential. All content copyright QNX Software Systems.

9. Distributed Processing
Internet
QNX Transparent Distributed Processing extends message passing over a transport layer
Applications / services can be built in a fully distributed manner without special code
Networking stack
File systems
Hardware ports
Seamless sharing of I/O resources between cores (e.g. use flash memory located on another node)
Networking Stack
Application
Flash File System
QNX Neutrino
Microkernel
Application
Node 2
Connectivity (e.g. Ethernet)
Node 1
Database
Flash File System
QNX Neutrino
Microkernel
Application
fd = open(“/dev/ffs1”,…);
write(fd, …);
fd = open(“/net/node2/dev/ffs1”,…);
write(fd, …);
November 22, 2018
QNX Confidential. All content copyright QNX Software Systems.

10. Scaling performance through multi-processingOS
Applications
Core
Memory
I / O OS
Applications
Core 1
Core 2
Interconnect
Memory
I / O
Applications OS
Core 1
Core 2
Interconnect
Memory
I / O
Single core
Multi-core
Discrete
Multiprocessing
Processor scaling by adding CPUs and/or CPU cores
Software scaling through symmetric multiprocessing (SMP) abstracts physical processor configuration from software
Transparent distributed processing abstracts processor boundaries
November 22, 2018
QNX Confidential. All content copyright QNX Software Systems.

11. Scaling development by partitioning
Restoration
Management
Interfaces
System development
System designers allocate CPU budget to subsystems / development teams
Design teams can develop their own priority schemes to use CPU time effectively
Test under worst case load to verify partition budgets
Partitioning OS
Budgets enforced by RTOS
Priority based scheduling within partition
Performance
Monitoring
Partitioning controls where CPU cycles are used… providing control for overload situations.
Fault
Management
November 22, 2018
QNX Confidential. All content copyright QNX Software Systems.

12. Developing, Troubleshooting & Optimization Visual system analysis
QNX Momentics
on development host
Target system running QNX Neutrino instrumented kernel
Capture Kernel Event Trace
Upload Trace File
Display
Trace
Information
Single step to capture, upload and view system trace
Quickly visualize system interaction and behavior
View interrupts, thread states, event timing, CPU usage, partitions, IPC, and much more….
System Profiler
November 22, 2018
QNX Confidential. All content copyright QNX Software Systems.

13. QNX Confidential. All content copyright QNX Software Systems.
High Availability
Availability =
Mean Time Between Failure
Mean Time Between Failure + Mean Time To Repair
Increase in MTBF increases availability
Decrease in MTTR increases availability
The formula above is simplified, other considerations:
Reducing impact of failure also increases availability
Parallel (redundant) components increase availability
Serial dependencies where failure of one component causes unavailability of dependent components decreases availability
November 22, 2018
QNX Confidential. All content copyright QNX Software Systems.

14. Reducing impact of failures
Application
Application
Application
Application
Monolithic Kernel
Micro Kernel
TCP/IP
Stack
File
System
TCP/IP
Stack
File
System
Ethernet
Driver
Flash
Driver
PCI
Driver
Ethernet
Driver
Flash
Driver
PCI
Driver
Ethernet
Port
Flash
Memory
PCI
Bus
Ethernet
Port
Flash
Memory
PCI
Bus
Many serial dependencies
High impact of failure
Longer recovery time (system restart)
Serial dependencies reduced
Lower impact of failure
Faster recovery time (restart component)
November 22, 2018
QNX Confidential. All content copyright QNX Software Systems.

15. Automatic recovery to improve MTTR
Application
Application
Reduce downtime
Restart / recover processes without affecting higher layers
Microkernel
Remote Node
CPM Guardian
recover
monitor
notify
TCP/IP
Stack
File
System
Critical Process
Monitor
restart
Ethernet
Driver
Flash
Driver
PCI
Driver
CPM / Guardian provide high availability monitor
Heartbeat monitoring
Detect process deaths
Restart failed processes
Multi-stage recovery
High availability connections provide failure notification / recovery procedures
Ethernet
Port
Flash
Memory
PCI
Bus
November 22, 2018
QNX Confidential. All content copyright QNX Software Systems.

16. Partitioning to increase availability
Management
Interfaces
Restoration
Add partitioning to:
Contain faulty subsystems that cause CPU overload
Guaranteed CPU time for failure recovery
Guaranteed CPU time for user interfaces / remote monitoring
Performance
Monitoring
Fault
Management
Partitioning controls where CPU cycles are used… providing control for overload situations.
High Availability
Critical Process
Monitor
CPM Guardian
November 22, 2018
QNX Confidential. All content copyright QNX Software Systems.

17. Scalable and Available
Scalability through distributed multiprocessing
Transparent Distributed Processing
Multi-Core / multiprocessing support
System visualization tools
Architecture for high availability
Microkernel architecture and memory protection
Critical Process Monitoring
Adaptive Partitioning
November 22, 2018
QNX Confidential. All content copyright QNX Software Systems.