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15.3 PDQ
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1. Fill out the chart Hardy Weinberg Equations P + Q =1
P2 + 2PQ + Q2 = 1 Required Conditions for HW Equilibruim No net mutations No natural selection No gene flow Large population size Random Mating
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2. What is the significance of the HW equilibrium?
It allows us to see if evolution is occurring in a population
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3. If all of the above conditions hold, how many generations are required for a population to reach HW equilibrium? 1
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4. What do deviations from HW equilibrium indicate?
That evolution is occurring!
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5. p. 299 Calculate the allele and genotype frequencies of Ldh in this newly founded population? Allele frequency of A = 10/20 = 0.5 = p Allele frequency of a = 10/20 = 0.5 = q AA Genotype frequency = 4/10 = 0.4 = P2 Aa Genotype frequency = 2/10 = 0.2 = 2pq aa Genotype frequency = 4/10 = 0.4 = q2
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5. p #b No because P2 does not equal 0.4, it equals and Q2 does not equal 0.2, it equals 0.25.
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5. #c Same Allele frequencies: p = 0.5, q = 0.5 (unchanged)
Genotype frequencies: Frequency of aa = p2 = 0.25 Frequency of Aa = 2pq = 0.5 Frequency of AA = q2 = 0.25
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#5 d Small population (only 10)
Gene flow could occur (it happened before due to the hurricane!) Random mating is not possible Selection for or against a trait could occur
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Summarize the effect of the following on allele frequencies
Mutations If dominant mutation, p goes up; If recessive mutation, p goes down etc. Gene Flow Emmigration would lower p and q; Immigration would increase p and q Genetic Drift Random – p and q would change either way Non-Random mating Chosen traits (dominant or recessive) would go up Natural Selection Best fit traits for survival (dominant or recessive) would go up
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