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ADJUSTMENTS AND THE WORK SHEET FOR A MERCHANDISING BUSINESS
CHAPTER FIFTEEN ADJUSTMENTS AND THE WORK SHEET FOR A MERCHANDISING BUSINESS
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WORK SHEET OF A MERCHANDISING BUSINESS
Similar to service business worksheet Used to record adjustments Including adjustments for Merchandise Inventory Unearned Revenue Used to prepare financial statements
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ADJUSTMENT FOR MERCHANDISE INVENTORY
Example: Ponder’s Bike Parts had a beginning merchandise inventory of $25,000. At the end of the year, a physical inventory of merchandise determined that merchandise costing $30,000 was still on hand.
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ADJUSTMENT FOR MERCHANDISE INVENTORY
More inventory at the END then at the BEGINNING of the year?
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ADJUSTMENT FOR MERCHANDISE INVENTORY
More inventory at the END then at the BEGINNING of the year? When PURCHASES EXCEED SALES, the inventory balance is HIGHER at the end of the year
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ADJUSTMENT FOR MERCHANDISE INVENTORY
BEG. BALANCE $25,000
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ADJUSTMENT FOR MERCHANDISE INVENTORY
$25,000 This account is NOT changed during the accounting period
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ADJUSTMENT FOR MERCHANDISE INVENTORY
PURCHASES $25,000 XXX Merchandise bought during the year is debited to Purchases instead of Merchandise Inventory
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ADJUSTMENT FOR MERCHANDISE INVENTORY
PURCHASES $25,000 XXX SALES XXX The COST of merchandise sold is NOT recorded. The selling price is credited to the Sales account
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ADJUSTMENT FOR MERCHANDISE INVENTORY
After a year of purchasing and selling merchandise, the balance is no longer accurate $25,000
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ADJUSTMENT FOR MERCHANDISE INVENTORY
$25,000 An adjustment is needed to update the balance of the Merchandise Inventory account
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ADJUSTMENT FOR MERCHANDISE INVENTORY
$25,000 TWO-STEP ADJUSTMENT!
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Let’s look at the adjustment
Ponder’s Bike Parts Work Sheet (partial) For Year Ended December 31, 20-- TRIAL BALANCE ACCOUNT TITLE DEBIT CREDIT Merchandise Inventory 25,000 Income Summary Purchases 80,000 Purchases Returns and Allowances 1,000 Purchases Discounts Let’s look at the adjustment on a partial work sheet. 500 Freight-In 700
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STEP #1 REMOVE THE BEGINNING BALANCE. TRIAL BALANCE ADJUSTMENTS
ACCOUNT TITLE DEBIT CREDIT DEBIT CREDIT Merchandise Inventory 25,000 Income Summary Purchases 80,000 Purchases Ret. & Allow. STEP #1 REMOVE THE BEGINNING BALANCE. 1,000 Purchases Discounts 500 Freight-In 700
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By crediting Merchandise Inventory, the balance is reduced to zero.
TRIAL BALANCE ADJUSTMENTS ACCOUNT TITLE DEBIT CREDIT DEBIT CREDIT Merchandise Inventory 25,000 25,000 (a) Income Summary Purchases 80,000 Purchases Ret. & Allow. By crediting Merchandise Inventory, the balance is reduced to zero. 1,000 Purchases Discounts 500 Freight-In 700
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The corresponding debit is to Income Summary.
TRIAL BALANCE ADJUSTMENTS ACCOUNT TITLE DEBIT CREDIT DEBIT CREDIT Merchandise Inventory 25,000 25,000 (a) Income Summary (a) 25,000 Purchases 80,000 Purchases Ret. & Allow. 1,000 The corresponding debit is to Income Summary. Purchases Discounts 500 Freight-In 700
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The ending inventory is entered
TRIAL BALANCE ADJUSTMENTS ACCOUNT TITLE DEBIT CREDIT DEBIT CREDIT Merchandise Inventory 25,000 (b) 25,000 (a) 30,000 Income Summary (a) 25,000 Purchases 80,000 Purchases Ret. & Allow. 1,000 Step #2 The ending inventory is entered into the Merchandise Inventory account. Purchases Discounts 500 Freight-In 700
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The balance in the Merchandise Inventory
TRIAL BALANCE ADJUSTMENTS ACCOUNT TITLE DEBIT CREDIT DEBIT CREDIT Merchandise Inventory 25,000 (b) 25,000 (a) 30,000 Income Summary (a) 25,000 Purchases 80,000 Purchases Ret. & Allow. 1,000 The balance in the Merchandise Inventory account now reflects the actual amount of inventory on hand at the end of the year. Purchases Discounts 500 Freight-In 700
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Income Summary is credited.
TRIAL BALANCE ADJUSTMENTS ACCOUNT TITLE DEBIT CREDIT DEBIT CREDIT Merchandise Inventory 25,000 (b) 25,000 (a) 30,000 Income Summary (a) 25,000 (b) 30,000 Purchases 80,000 Purchases Ret. & Allow. 1,000 Income Summary is credited. Purchases Discounts 500 Freight-In 700
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“Adjusted Trial Balance”
ACCOUNT TITLE TRIAL BAL. ADJUSTMENTS ADJ. TRIAL BAL. DR. CR. DR. CR. DR. CR. (b) (a) Merch. Inv. 25,000 30,000 25,000 30,000 (a) (b) Income Sum. 25,000 30,000 Purchases 80,000 Purch. R &A 1,000 The new balance is extended to the “Adjusted Trial Balance” columns. Purch. Disc. 500 Freight-In 700
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BOTH the beginning and ending inventory amounts are extended to the
ACCOUNT TITLE TRIAL BAL. ADJUSTMENTS ADJ. TRIAL BAL. DR. CR. DR. CR. DR. CR. (b) (a) Merch. Inv. 25,000 30,000 25,000 30,000 (a) (b) Income Sum. 25,000 30,000 25,000 30,000 Purchases 80,000 Purch. R &A 1,000 BE CAREFUL!!! BOTH the beginning and ending inventory amounts are extended to the “Adjusted Trial Balance” columns. Purch. Disc. 500 Freight-In 700
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The other accounts are extended
ACCOUNT TITLE TRIAL BAL. ADJUSTMENTS ADJ. TRIAL BAL. DR. CR. DR. CR. DR. CR. (b) (a) Merch. Inv. 25,000 30,000 25,000 30,000 (a) (b) Income Sum. 25,000 30,000 25,000 30,000 Purchases 80,000 80,000 Purch. R &A 1,000 1,000 Purch. Disc. 500 500 Freight-In 700 700 The other accounts are extended with no adjustments.
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Merchandise Inventory is extended to the Balance Sheet columns.
ACCOUNT TITLE ADJUST. T/B INCOME STMT BALANCE SHEET DR. CR. DR. CR. DR. CR. Merch. Inv. 30,000 30,000 Income Sum. 25,000 30,000 Purchases 80,000 Purch. R &A 1,000 Purch. Disc. 500 Freight-In 700 Merchandise Inventory is extended to the Balance Sheet columns.
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BOTH the beginning and ending inventory
ACCOUNT TITLE ADJUST. T/B INCOME STMT BALANCE SHEET DR. CR. DR. CR. DR. CR. Merch. Inv. 30,000 30,000 Income Sum. 25,000 30,000 25,000 30,000 Purchases 80,000 Purch. R &A 1,000 Purch. Disc. 500 Freight-In 700 BOTH the beginning and ending inventory are extended to the Income Statement columns.
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Since the Purchases accounts and Freight-In
ACCOUNT TITLE ADJUST. T/B INCOME STMT BALANCE SHEET DR. CR. DR. CR. DR. CR. Merch. Inv. 30,000 30,000 Income Sum. 25,000 30,000 25,000 30,000 Purchases 80,000 80,000 Purch. R &A 1,000 1,000 Purch. Disc. 500 500 Freight-In 700 700 Since the Purchases accounts and Freight-In are Income Statement accounts, they are extended to the Income Statement columns.
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The Cost of Goods Sold can be computed
ACCOUNT TITLE ADJUST. T/B INCOME STMT BALANCE SHEET DR. CR. DR. CR. DR. CR. Merch. Inv. 30,000 30,000 Income Sum. 25,000 30,000 25,000 30,000 Purchases 80,000 80,000 Purch. R &A 1,000 1,000 Purch. Disc. 500 500 Freight-In 700 700 The Cost of Goods Sold can be computed from the Income Statement columns.
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From Income Summary account on Work Sheet
Cost of Goods Sold: Merch. Inv., January 1 $25,000 From Income Summary account on Work Sheet
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Before we can combine Purchases and
Cost of Goods Sold: Merch. Inv., January 1 $25,000 Purchases $80,000 Less: Purchases R&A $1,000 Purchases Disc. 500 1,500 Before we can combine Purchases and Beginning Inventory, we must subtract the contra-purchases accounts.
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Freight-In is added to Net Purchases
Cost of Goods Sold: Merch. Inv., January 1 $25,000 Purchases $80,000 Less: Purchases R&A $1,000 Purchases Disc. 500 1,500 Net purchases $78,500 Freight-In 700 Cost of Goods Purch. 79,200 Freight-In is added to Net Purchases to determine the “Cost of Goods Purchased.”
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Cost of Goods Purchased is added to the Beginning Inventory
Cost of Goods Sold: Merch. Inv., January 1 $25,000 Purchases $80,000 Less: Purchases R&A $1,000 Purchases Disc. 500 1,500 Net purchases $78,500 Freight-In 700 Cost of Goods Purch. 79,200 Goods available for sale $104,200 Cost of Goods Purchased is added to the Beginning Inventory to determine Goods Available for Sale.
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Merchandise still on hand at the end of the year
Cost of Goods Sold: Merch. Inv., January 1 $25,000 Purchases $80,000 Less: Purchases R&A $1,000 Purchases Disc. 500 1,500 Net purchases $78,500 Freight-In 700 Cost of Goods Purch. 79,200 Goods available for sale $104,200 Less: Merch. Inv., Dec. 31 30,000 Cost of Goods Sold $74,200 Merchandise still on hand at the end of the year is subtracted from the amount available for sale to determine the Cost of Goods Sold.
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ADJUSTMENT FOR UNEARNED REVENUE
Example: Brown County Playhouse sells season tickets. Tickets sell for $10 for each play ($50 for a 5 play season ticket) and a maximum of 1,000 seats can be sold for each play. Let’s assume all shows sell out during the first week that season tickets are available.
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ADJUSTMENT FOR UNEARNED REVENUE
UNEARNED TICKET REVENUE $50,000 When season tickets are sold Cash is debited and Unearned Ticket Revenue is credited
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ADJUSTMENT FOR UNEARNED REVENUE
UNEARNED TICKET REVENUE $50,000 Following the production of the third show, financial statements are to be prepared
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ADJUSTMENT FOR UNEARNED REVENUE
UNEARNED TICKET REVENUE $50,000 An adjusting entry is needed to recognize the ticket revenue earned for the three shows
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ADJUSTMENT FOR UNEARNED REVENUE
UNEARNED TICKET REVENUE TICKET REVENUE $50,000 $30,000 3 shows x 1,000 tickets for each show = 3,000 tickets 3,000 tickets x $10 per ticket = $30,000
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ADJUSTMENT FOR UNEARNED REVENUE
UNEARNED TICKET REVENUE TICKET REVENUE $50,000 $30,000 $30,000 $30,000 in earned revenue is removed from the unearned account and put into the revenue account.
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ADJUSTMENT FOR UNEARNED REVENUE
UNEARNED TICKET REVENUE TICKET REVENUE $50,000 $30,000 $30,000 $20,000 Bal. The remaining balance of $20,000 in season ticket sales is reported on the Balance Sheet as a current liability.
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NORTHERN MICRO CHART OF ACCOUNTS
Let’s review the Chart of Accounts for a merchandising business!
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NORTHERN MICRO CHART OF ACCOUNTS
Assets Current Assets 101 Cash 122 Accts. Rec. 131 Merch. Inv. 141 Supplies 145 Prepaid Ins. Assets now include Merchandise Inventory
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NORTHERN MICRO CHART OF ACCOUNTS
Assets Current Assets 101 Cash 122 Accts. Rec. 131 Merch. Inv. 141 Supplies 145 Prepaid Ins. Property, Plant, & Equip Land Building Acc. Depr. - Bldg Store Equipment Acc. Depr. - Store Eq
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NORTHERN MICRO CHART OF ACCOUNTS (cont.)
Liabilities Current Liabilities Notes Payable Accounts Payable Wages Payable Utilities Payable Unearned Sub. Rev. Long-Term Liabilities Mortgage Payable Owner’s Equity G.L. Fishel, Capital G.L. Fishel, Drawing
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NORTHERN MICRO CHART OF ACCOUNTS (cont.)
Utilities Payable Unearned Sub. Rev. Long-Term Liabilities Mortgage Payable Owner’s Equity G. L. Fishel, Capital G. L. Fishel, Drawing Income Summary
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NORTHERN MICRO CHART OF ACCOUNTS
Assets Current Assets 101 Cash 122 Accts. Rec. 131 Merch. Inv. 141 Supplies 145 Prepaid Ins. Revenue Sales Sales Returns & Allow Other Revenue Interest Revenue Rent Revenue Subscrip. Revenue Property, Plant, & Equip Land Building Acc. Depr. - Bldg Store Equipment Acc. Depr. - Store Eq
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NORTHERN MICRO CHART OF ACCOUNTS
Assets Current Assets 101 Cash 122 Accts. Rec. 131 Merch. Inv. 141 Supplies 145 Prepaid Ins. Revenue Sales Sales Returns & Allow Other Revenue Interest Revenue Rent Revenue Subscrip. Revenue Property, Plant, & Equip Expenses Land Cost of Goods Sold Building Purchases Acc. Depr. - Bldg Purch. Ret. & Allow. Store Equipment Purchases Discounts Acc. Depr. - Store Eq Freight-In
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NORTHERN MICRO CHART OF ACCOUNTS (cont.)
Liabilities Operating Expenses Current Liabilities Wages Expense Notes Payable Advertising Expense Accounts Payable Bk Credit Card Exp. Wages Payable Rent Expense Utilities Payable Supplies Expense Unearned Sub. Rev. Telephone Expense Utilities Expense Long-Term Liabilities Insurance Expense Mortgage Payable Depr. Exp. - Building Depr. Exp. - Store Eq. Owner’s Equity Misc. Expense G. L. Fishel, Capital G. L. Fishel, Drawing
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NORTHERN MICRO CHART OF ACCOUNTS (cont.)
Utilities Payable Supplies Expense Unearned Sub. Rev. Telephone Expense Utilities Expense Long-Term Liabilities Insurance Expense Mortgage Payable Depr. Exp. - Building Depr. Exp. - Store Eq. Owner’s Equity Misc. Expense G. L. Fishel, Capital G. L. Fishel, Drawing Other Expenses Interest Expense Income Summary
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PREPARING A WORK SHEET: 5 STEPS
Prepare the trial balance. Prepare the adjustments. Prepare the adjusted trial balance. Extend the adjusted trial balance to the Income Statement and Balance Sheet columns. Complete the work sheet by totaling the Income Statement and Balance Sheet columns to compute the net income or loss.
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Let’s look at a work sheet for a merchandising business!
Name of Company Work Sheet For Year Ended December 31, 20-- TRIAL BALANCE ACCOUNT TITLE DEBIT CREDIT Let’s look at a work sheet for a merchandising business!
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STEP #1 Prepare a ASSETS are listed in the debit column. Trial Balance
Name of Company Work Sheet For Year Ended December 31, 20-- TRIAL BALANCE ACCOUNT TITLE DEBIT CREDIT STEP #1 ASSETS are listed in the debit column. Prepare a Trial Balance Assets
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STEP #1 Prepare a BEGINNING balance Trial Balance of merchandise
Name of Company Work Sheet For Year Ended December 31, 20-- TRIAL BALANCE ACCOUNT TITLE DEBIT CREDIT STEP #1 BEGINNING balance of merchandise inventory Prepare a Trial Balance Assets Mdse. Inv.
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LIABILITIES (including unearned revenues) are
Name of Company Work Sheet For Year Ended December 31, 20-- TRIAL BALANCE ACCOUNT TITLE DEBIT CREDIT STEP #1 Prepare a Trial Balance LIABILITIES (including unearned revenues) are listed in the credit column. Assets Mdse. Inv. Liabilities Unearned Rev.
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accounts are shown next.
Name of Company Work Sheet For Year Ended December 31, 20-- TRIAL BALANCE ACCOUNT TITLE DEBIT CREDIT STEP #1 Prepare a Trial Balance Assets Mdse. Inv. Liabilities OWNER’S EQUITY accounts are shown next. Unearned Rev. Capital Drawing
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Income Summary is listed but it has no balance until
ACCOUNT TITLE TRIAL BALANCE DEBIT CREDIT Drawing Income Summary Income Summary is listed but it has no balance until the adjustments are entered.
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Drawing Revenue CONTRA-REVENUE accounts are listed in Sales
ACCOUNT TITLE TRIAL BALANCE DEBIT CREDIT Drawing Income Summary CONTRA-REVENUE accounts are listed in the debit column Revenue Sales Sales R&A Sales Discounts
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accounts are listed next.
ACCOUNT TITLE TRIAL BALANCE DEBIT CREDIT Drawing Income Summary Revenue Sales Sales R&A Sales Discounts COST OF GOODS SOLD accounts are listed next. Expenses Purchases Purch. R&A Purch. Disc. Freight-In
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STEP #1 STEP #2 Prepare a Prepare the Trial Balance Adjustments Assets
Name of Company Work Sheet For Year Ended December 31, 20-- TRIAL BALANCE ADJUSTMENTS ACCOUNT TITLE DEBIT CREDIT DEBIT CREDIT STEP #1 STEP #2 Prepare a Prepare the Trial Balance Adjustments Assets Mdse. Inv. EI BI Liabilities The Beginning Inventory is removed from and the Ending Inventory is entered into the Merchandise Inventory account. Unearned Rev. Capital Drawing
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Income Summary is debited for the amount
TRIAL BALANCE ADJUSTMENTS ACCOUNT TITLE DEBIT CREDIT DEBIT CREDIT Drawing Income Summary BI EI Revenue Sales Income Summary is debited for the amount of the Beginning Inventory and credited for the amount of the Ending Inventory. Sales R&A Sales Discounts Expenses Purchases Purch. R&A Purch. Disc. Freight-In
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STEP #2 STEP #3 Prepare the Prepare the Adjustments Adj. Trial Bal.
Name of Company Work Sheet For Year Ended December 31, 20-- ADJUSTMENTS ADJ. TRIAL BAL. ACCOUNT TITLE DEBIT CREDIT DEBIT CREDIT STEP #2 STEP #3 Prepare the Prepare the Adjustments Adj. Trial Bal. Assets Merchandise Inv. EI BI EI The Ending Inventory is now the balance of the Merchandise Inventory account and is extended to the Adjusted Trial Balance columns.
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The Liabilities are extended to the Adjusted Trial Balance columns.
Name of Company Work Sheet For Year Ended December 31, 20-- ADJUSTMENTS ADJ. TRIAL BAL. ACCOUNT TITLE DEBIT CREDIT DEBIT CREDIT STEP #2 STEP #3 Prepare the Prepare the Adjustments Adj. Trial Bal. Assets Merchandise Inv. EI BI EI Liabilities Unearned Rev. The Liabilities are extended to the Adjusted Trial Balance columns.
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Owners Equity accounts are Adjusted Trial Balance
Name of Company Work Sheet For Year Ended December 31, 20-- ADJUSTMENTS ADJ. TRIAL BAL. ACCOUNT TITLE DEBIT CREDIT DEBIT CREDIT STEP #2 STEP #3 Prepare the Prepare the Adjustments Adj. Trial Bal. Assets Merchandise Inv. EI BI EI Liabilities Owners Equity accounts are also extended to the Adjusted Trial Balance columns. Unearned Rev. Capital Drawing
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BOTH the Beginning and the Ending Inventories are extended into the
ADJUSTMENTS ADJ. TRIAL BAL. ACCOUNT TITLE DEBIT CREDIT DEBIT CREDIT Income Summary BI EI BI EI BOTH the Beginning and the Ending Inventories are extended into the Adjusted Trial Balance.
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All the Revenue and Expense accounts are extended to
ADJUSTMENTS ADJ. TRIAL BAL. ACCOUNT TITLE DEBIT CREDIT DEBIT CREDIT Income Summary BI EI BI EI Revenue All the Revenue and Expense accounts are extended to the Adjusted Trial Balance. Sales Sales R&A Sales Discounts Expenses Purchases Purch. R&A Purch. Disc. Freight-In
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The Assets (including the ending balance of Merchandise
Name of Company Work Sheet For Year Ended December 31, 20-- ADJ. TRIAL BAL. INCOME STATEMENT BALANCE SHEET DEBIT CREDIT DEBIT CREDIT DEBIT CREDIT STEP #3 STEP #4 Prepare the Extend Adjusted Adj. Trial Bal. Account Balances Assets Assets EI EI Liabilities Unearned Rev. The Assets (including the ending balance of Merchandise Inventory) are extended to the Balance Sheet columns. Capital Drawing
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STEP #3 STEP #4 Prepare the Extend Adjusted Adj. Trial Bal.
Name of Company Work Sheet For Year Ended December 31, 20-- ADJ. TRIAL BAL. INCOME STATEMENT BALANCE SHEET DEBIT CREDIT DEBIT CREDIT DEBIT CREDIT STEP #3 STEP #4 Prepare the Extend Adjusted Adj. Trial Bal. Account Balances Assets Assets EI EI Liabilities & Owner’s Equity accounts are also extended to the Balance Sheet columns. Liabilities Liabilities Unearned Rev. Unearned Rev. Capital Capital Drawing Drawing
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BOTH the Beginning and the Ending inventories are extended to the
ADJ. TRIAL BAL INCOME STATEMENT BALANCE SHEET DEBIT CREDIT DEBIT CREDIT DEBIT CREDIT BI EI BI EI Revenue Sales BOTH the Beginning and the Ending inventories are extended to the Income Statement columns for the INCOME SUMMARY account. Sales R&A Sales Discounts Expenses Purchases Purch. R&A Purch. Disc Freight-In
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Revenue & Expenses are extended to the Income Statement columns.
ADJ. TRIAL BAL INCOME STATEMENT BALANCE SHEET DEBIT Revenue & Expenses are extended to the Income Statement columns. CREDIT DEBIT CREDIT DEBIT CREDIT BI EI BI EI Revenue Revenue Sales Sales Sales R&A Sales R&A Sales Discounts Sales Discounts Expenses Expenses Purchases Purchases Purch. R&A Purch. R&A Purch. Disc Purch. Disc Freight-In Freight-In
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COMPLETE THE WORK SHEET
ADJ. TRIAL BAL INCOME STATEMENT BALANCE SHEET DEBIT CREDIT DEBIT CREDIT DEBIT CREDIT Sales Discounts Sales Discounts Expenses Expenses Purchases Purchases Purch. R&A Purch. R&A Purch. Disc. Purch. Disc. Freight-In Freight-In STEP #5 COMPLETE THE WORK SHEET (1) Sum columns (2) Compute net income (loss) Net Income Net Income
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COMPLETE THE WORK SHEET
ADJ. TRIAL BAL INCOME STATEMENT BALANCE SHEET DEBIT CREDIT DEBIT CREDIT DEBIT CREDIT Sales Discounts Sales Discounts Expenses Expenses Purchases Purchases Purch. R&A Purch. R&A Purch. Disc. Purch. Disc. Freight-In Freight-In STEP #5 COMPLETE THE WORK SHEET (1) Sum columns (2) Compute net income (loss) Net Income Net Loss Net Loss Net Income
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