1. Canadian Hydrographic Service
Canadian Examples of the S-121 Standard on Maritime Limits and Boundaries
Serge Lévesque
Canadian Hydrographic Service
Rob Morrison
March 28, 2018

2. Construction of Canadian examples
A territorial sea area with its straight baseline
Labrador coast territorial sea and baseline:
Ten straight baseline points off the coast of Labrador (points)
Segments of straight baseline joining these points (curves)
Outer limit of the Territorial Sea built from the baseline (curves)
Territorial sea area bounded by the outer limit and the baseline (surface/area)

3. Canadian example

4. Connecting the tables

5. Construction of Canadian examples
Status: under development
Built on the latest S-121 ArcGIS model developed by Australia
All relationships were established across the table structure between the S-100 Feature/Attribute Group, Administrative Group, spatial geometries, Party Group and Source Group tables
The Governance table is not yet populated

6. Feature/Attribute relationships

7. Point Geometry: Location Reference System
A horizontal datum is defined by three elements:
An ellipsoid
A physical geodetic infrastructure including monumented surveyed control points spawning the width and breadth of the country
A set of transformation parameters to relate to the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF)
Horizontal datums used in North America:
NAD27, NAD83, WGS84
Ellipsoids used in these datums:
Clarke 1866, GRS80, WGS84

8. North American Datum evolution
Datums
1913
1927
1983
NAD
NAD27
NAD83
Astronomical Almanacs
1984
WGS84
Ellipsoids
Clarke 1866
GRS 1980
WGS84
1866
1980
1984
International Terrestrial Reference Frame
ITRF
1992

9. Point geometry and multiple coordinates
Official location: on official datum (NAD83)
Original location: as per text of law
Point geometry : coordinates on datum in use in the GIS system
WGS84 location: calculated coordinates

10. Legal sources Labrador coast territorial sea and baseline: World
United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS)
Canada
Oceans Act (S.C. 1996, c. 31)
Source for Rights, Responsibilities and Restrictions (RRR)
Party Members linked to RRR:
Federal: Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Global Affairs Canada
Provinces
Territorial Sea Geographic Coordinates Order (C.R.C. , c. 1550)
Source for baseline points (geometry): position and reference system
Canadian Hydrographic Charts : Source for baseline points

11. Governance

12. Oceans Act (S.C. 1996, c. 31) as a source for governance: what
Interpretation
2 In this Act,
Department means the Department of Fisheries and Oceans; (ministère)
Minister means the Minister of Fisheries and Oceans; (ministre)
Territorial sea of Canada
4 The territorial sea of Canada consists of a belt of sea that has as its inner limit the baselines described in section 5 and as its outer limit
(a) subject to paragraph (b), the line every point of which is at a distance of 12 nautical miles from the nearest point of the baselines; or
(b) in respect of the portions of the territorial sea of Canada for which geographical coordinates of points have been prescribed pursuant to subparagraph 25(a)(ii), lines determined from the geographical coordinates of points so prescribed. .

13. Oceans Act (S.C. 1996, c. 31) as a source for governance: how
Determination of the baselines
5 (1) Subject to subsections (2) and (3), the baseline is the low-water line along the coast or on a low-tide elevation that is situated wholly or partly at a distance not exceeding the breadth of the territorial sea of Canada from the mainland or an island.
Geographical coordinates of points
(2) In respect of any area for which geographical coordinates of points have been prescribed pursuant to subparagraph 25(a)(i) and subject to any exceptions in the regulations for
(a) the use of the low-water line along the coast between given points, and
(b) the use of the low-water lines of low-tide elevations that are situated wholly or partly at a distance not exceeding the breadth of the territorial sea of Canada from the mainland or an island,
The baselines are straight lines interpreted as geodesics joining the consecutive geographical coordinates of points so prescribed.
tate, .

14. Oceans Act (S.C. 1996, c. 31) as a source for governance: rights
Internal waters of Canada
6 The internal waters of Canada consist of the waters on the landward side of the baselines of the territorial sea of Canada.
Part of Canada
7 For greater certainty, the internal waters of Canada and the territorial sea of Canada form part of Canada.
Rights of Her Majesty
8 (1) For greater certainty, in any area of the sea not within a province, the seabed and subsoil below the internal waters of Canada and the territorial sea of Canada are vested in Her Majesty in right of Canada.
tate, .

15. Oceans Act (S.C. 1996, c. 31) as a source for governance : rights
Application of provincial law
9 (1) Subject to this section and to any other Act of Parliament, the laws of a province apply in any area of the sea
(a) that forms part of the internal waters of Canada or the territorial sea of Canada;
(b) that is not within any province; and
(c) that is prescribed by the regulations. ….
Interpretation
(3) For the purposes of this section, the laws of a province shall be applied as if the area of the sea in which those laws apply under this section were within the territory of that province.

16. Oceans Act (S.C. 1996, c. 31) as a source for governance: parties, who and how
Regulations
25 The Governor in Council may, on the recommendation of the Minister of Foreign Affairs, make regulations
(a) prescribing geographical coordinates of points from which
(i) baselines may be determined under subsection 5(2) as straight lines interpreted as geodesics, .
Such a structure could be used as a guideline to ensure the maintenance of a logical set of objects for several application schemas.
Such an approach will avoid developing a set of inconsistent and duplicative feature types in the object catalog.

17. Territorial Sea Geographic Coordinates Order (C. R. C. , c
Territorial Sea Geographic Coordinates Order (C.R.C. , c. 1550) as a source for governance: text

18. THANK YOU!!!