2. REVOLUTION DEFINITION?
A radical change caused by irresistible forces that overturns an established order
Cultural, Economic, Religious, Political, Intellectual, Technological
“Politics, economics, church government, and theology are inextricably mingled in the minds and hearts of seventeenth-century Englishmen”
Examples?

3. CAUSES? What are the irresistible forces? Crane Brinton (1898-1968)
1923 Ph.D. Oxford
Taught at Harvard
Anatomy of a Revolution (1965)
Studied American, French, Russian, English Revolutions

4. CAUSES THAT SEEM TO BE PRESENT
The masses rise up and revolt
“THE MASSES DO NOT MAKE REVOLUTIONS”
Is the tyranny and brutality of government the cause of revolutions?
People from all social classes are discontent?

5. WHO REVOLTS? Intellectuals?
Class who has gained wealth and feels shut out from political power
Government favoring one set of economic interests over another
“The actual revolution is always a surprise” - Brinton

7. ACTUAL COURSE Key – Vacillation – Sway, Waiver\Rulers
inability to take a stand, or appear strong and then weak
Transfer of power usually occurs before any act of violence
King tries to get power back
People are unaware that power shifted
People believe power was not transferred far enough
“..in all revolutions there is a tendency for power to go from Right to Center to Left…”

8. STAGES OF REVOLUTION Preliminary Stage
Government inefficiency – weak ruler
Economic problems
People / Reformers speak out against government
Intellectuals transfer loyalty
Rights and privileges associated with money
Class antagonisms
Symbolic action – point of revolt

9. PATTERNS OF REVOLUTION
RULE OF THE MODERATES
THE ACCSESSION OF EXTREMISTS
THERMIDOR – LUNATIC FRINGE
“When the “silken threads” of habit, tradition, legality are broken, men must be held together in society by the “iron chains” of dictatorship
From extreme Left back to Right