1. M1 Neurotransmitters 28 April 2010 Louis J De Felice

2. Objectives: receptors
The differences between ionotropic and metabotropic receptors.
The relevance of dentritic trees in neural integration.
The relevance of IPSPs and EPSPs in neural integration.
The structure and function of glutamate, GABA, and ACh receptors.
The clinical manifestations and molecular explanation of myasthenia graves.

3. Myasthenia Gravis Muscle weakness and fatigue.
autoimmune disease: antibodies block ACh binding to nAChRs
 cholineesterase inhibitors, immunosuppressants, thymectomy
Congenital myasthenia: defects in synaptic proteins.
Curtailed evoked release of ACh quanta.
Mutations in choline acetyltransferase.
Mutations in acetylcholinesterase.
Mutations in AChR that alter the kinetics or decrease expression.
Increased or decrease synaptic response to ACh

5. Cognition Cognitive processes require the cholinergic neurons.
Increased ACh synthesis can ameliorate mental disorders
ACh release requires the reuptake of choline.
The choline transporter (CHT) is the rate-limiting step.
Choline acetyltransferase produces ACh.
The vesicular ACh transporter concentrates ACh in vesicles.

6. Quantal release of ACh

8. Cholinergic synapse

9. GLUTAMIC ACID
>> glutamate
>> GABA
PCP (angel dust)

10. Small molecule
neurotransmitters

11. Monoamine neurotransmitters
5-HT DA
Epi
AMPH