1. Summary Writing
阅读与构思
浙江省瑞安中学 张 莹

2. a good summary? 档次 描述 第五档 （21—25分） —理解准确，涵盖全部要点。 —能准确使用相应的语法结构和词汇。
—有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使所完成的概要结构紧凑。
—完全使用自己的语言。

3. How to write a good summary?档次 描述
第五档
（21—25分）
—理解准确，涵盖全部要点。
—能准确使用相应的语法结构和词汇。
—有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使所完成的概要结构紧凑。
—完全使用自己的语言。

4. safest Reading for general information 1. This passage is _____.
A. Narrative - tells a story based on real or
imaginary experiences
B. Expository - explains or conveys information
C. Persuasive- tries to convince the reader to
agree with an opinion or to take action
2. Topic?
3. Structure? (CP: central point P: point
Sp: sub-point (次要点) C: conclusion)
safest
the school bus the __________ method

5. Para.1
Reading for points
How many points are mentioned? How do you know?

6. Para.1 Reading for points
Do you think they are equally important or one outweighs the other? Why?
Lead in the topic
Para.1
Reading for points
The familiar yellow school bus is the largest system of mass transportation in the US and every school day transports roughly 25 million young people to school and home again after the school day ends. Meanwhile, they are the safest method for getting kids to and from school, according to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA). Children are 70 times more likely to arrive at school safely on the school bus than if they had traveled to school driving themselves or riding with friends.

7. Para.1 Reading for points Lead in the topic
The familiar yellow school bus is the largest system of mass transportation in the US and every school day transports roughly 25 million young people to school and home again after the school day ends. Meanwhile, they are the safest method for getting kids to and from school, according to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA). Children are 70 times more likely to arrive at school safely on the school bus than if they had traveled to school driving themselves or riding with friends.

8. a better version?
The school bus is the biggest system and safest method for students in America.
The school bus, which is the biggest system in America, is the safest method for children.
B. The school bus, which is the biggest system in America, is the safest method for children.

9. Have a try! Para.2 1. relationship between para.1﹠para.2?
2. find the points and sum up.

10. What information can you infer from this sentence?
Topic sentence?
transitional sentence
Para.3
But even the safety of school buses would not completely sum up why children are safer when riding the big, yellow bus. The bus is only as safe as the professional men and women who drive them. …
topic sentence
What’s the relationship between para.2 and para.3?
How do you understand the topic sentence?

11. ? a SAFE school bus driver Para.3 Can you sum up in your own words?
CDL
qualification
screening
training

12. Have a try! Para.4 relationship among Para.2-4? a topic sentence?
How many supporting points are included?

13. = topic sentence Can you use your own words to describe it?
School buses are safe for the environment, each bus replaces 36 passenger cars that would, but for the buses, be on the road taking and picking up school children. Additionally, school buses use alternative green fuels like natural gas, and electric power.
Can you use your own words to describe it? =

14. relationship with other paragraphs?

15. Connecting words/phrases
to connect the same aspects
meanwhile also along with besides furthermore additionally
to show cause and effect
to conclude or summarize
to show adversative relation(转折关系)
but
moreover, as well (as)
not only…but also for one thing, for another
for the following reasons because as a result so thus hence therefore result in lead to consequently…
in conclusion to sum up in brief/short in a word …
although/ though/ even though/ if in contrast whereas nevertheless in spite of regardless of

16. writing task Self- assessment
Try to develop your first draft and make a self-assessment according to the following criteria.
Self- assessment
content
Does it cover all the points?
structure
Are there any connecting words/phrases?
Is the structure coherent?
language
Are the points expressed in your own words?
Is the language accurate and rich?

17. Homework
Develop and polish the passage into a summary with about 60 words based on the structure and points we discussed in class. 档次 描述
第五档
（21—25分）
—理解准确，涵盖全部要点。
—能准确使用相应的语法结构和词汇。
—有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使所完成的概要结构紧凑。
—完全使用自己的语言。