1. The Crusades

2. Crusades
The Crusades were a series of military expeditions launched by Christian Europe in an attempt to reclaim lost territory from the Muslims

3. Causes of the Crusades
Muslim invasions of and attacks on Christian lands, especially Jerusalem
Desire to spread and unite Christianity
Desire to open up trade routes to the East
Individuals hoped to gain land and riches
Protection of Christian pilgrims headed to Jerusalem

4. Effects of the Crusades
The Roman Catholic Church lost power and prestige
Feudalism breaks down
Attacks on Jews
Increase in trade and technology
Lasting tension between Christianity and Islam

5. First Crusade (1096-1099) Causes: Effects:
Constantinople needed help fighting the Seljuk Turks
Wanted to recapture Jerusalem
Effects:
1. Only crusade that captured Jerusalem and the 400 miles between Edessa and Jerusalem

6. Second Crusade (1147-1149) Effects: 1. They were stopped in Antioch
Causes:
Keep Jerusalem and surrounding lands
Pope promised forgiveness of sins
2nd and 3rd sons couldn’t inherit land, so crusaded to attain land of their own
Effects:
1. They were stopped in Antioch
2. Muslims took control of Jerusalem

7. Third Crusade ( )
Causes:
Try to recapture Jerusalem
Forgiveness of sins
Land
3 Kings War- Philip II of France, Fredrich Barbosa of Germany, and Richard the Lionhearted of England all participated
1. Richard the Lionhearted made a truce with Saladin (a Turk leader) that Christians could visit their holy shrines in Jerusalem

8. Fourth Crusade (1202-1204) Causes: Try to recapture Jerusalem
Forgiveness of sins
Land
Effects:
Never reached Jerusalem, Crusaders sacked Constantinople
Exposed Crusaders to new ideas
Split Christian church
Muslims controlled Jerusalem until 1948