1. Etiology, Pathophysiology, and Most Common Injuries of the Lower Extremity in the Athlete 
Patrick R. Burns, DPM, Nicholas Lowery, DPM 
Clinics in Podiatric Medicine and Surgery 
Volume 28, Issue 1, Pages 1-18 (January 2011)
DOI: /j.cpm
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2. Fig. 1
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examples of normal (A) and torn (B) anterior talofibular ligament, and normal (C) and torn (D) Lisfranc ligament after sprain injuries.
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3. Fig. 2
Radiographic (A) and MRI (B) examples of osteochondral lesion of the talus after sprain.
Clinics in Podiatric Medicine and Surgery  , 1-18DOI: ( /j.cpm )
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4. Fig. 3 Clinical pictures of ecchymosis associated with classic sprain.
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5. Fig. 4
(A, B) Clinical pictures of anterior drawer examination. Note loss of skin lines and puckering of lateral ankle corresponding to anterior talofibular ligament insufficiency.
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6. Fig. 5
MR image of ankle sprain immediately following injury. Note subcutaneous edema without more extensive pathology.
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7. Fig. 6
Arthroscopic images in patients with sprain history. Note acute synovitis (A), loose body (B), and Bassett (C).
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8. Fig. 7
Radiographic example of Lisfranc injury: non–weight bearing (A) and weight bearing (B). Note the subtle difference in the space near the base of the first and second metatarsals.
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9. Fig. 8
Intraoperative example of stress view (A) for Lisfranc injury and subsequent placement of screws for open reduction/internal fixation (B) corresponding to areas of instability.
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10. Fig. 9
Example of radiographic (A) and MRI (B) findings of acute-on-chronic Achilles tendinosis. Note the thickening in the watershed area.
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11. Fig. 10
Clinical pictures of Achilles tendon surgery with (A) and without (B) wound complications.
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12. Fig. 11
Example of acute Achilles tendon rupture (A) and primary repair (B).
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13. Fig. 12
MRI example of shallow retromalleolar groove with low-lying muscle (A) and subsequent deepening procedure (B).
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14. Fig. 13
MRI examples of high risk stress fractures: navicular (A), talar neck (B), and sesamoid (C).
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15. Fig. 14
Postoperative images of calcaneal osteotomy (A) and revision of recurrent fifth metatarsal stress fracture (B). Calcaneal osteotomy was performed to reduce stress to the lateral column.
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16. Fig. 15
Computed tomograph (A) and postoperative radiographs (B) of navicular stress fracture repair. Note the sclerosis and depth of the fracture preoperatively. The repair was made with distal tibial autograft and a dorsal plate to resist further tension.
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17. Fig. 16
Example of a typical Jones fracture (A) and intramedullary screw fixation (B).
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