1. Ocean Resources and Oceanography
What is the most important gas in the water for ocean organisms?
OXYGEN!

2. Ocean Animals All ocean animals use cellular respiration in water
Oxygen + Sugar (from food) = Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy

4. How does dissolved oxygen get into the water?
Most oxygen in water comes from algae (seaweed) and microscopic aquatic plants called phytoplankton
They get oxygen into the water through photosynthesis
Additional oxygen is added to the ocean through streams, rivers, and rain

6. Phytoplankton off the coast of South America

7. Show phytoplankton video

8. Question:
Why are phytoplankton so important to ocean waters since they are a very small plant?
How could they be a bio-indicator of ocean health?

9. Carbon Dioxide carbon dioxide is also located in the water
Why is CO2 important?
Main ingredient in carbon for sea shells
Phytoplankton need it to start photosynthesis

10. Animals breathing it out in water Absorbed into the ocean from the air
Where does CO2 come from?
Animals breathing it out in water
Absorbed into the ocean from the air

11. Salinity The amount of dissolved salt in the oceans
What kinds of things affect the salinity of water?
Increase in temp will cause water to evaporate leaving behind more salt
Increase in water will cause water to become more diluted and decrease the density of water

12. What kind of things affect the salinity of water?
Evaporation = more salinity because less water
Precipitation = less salinity because more water

13. Upwelling
Cool dense water from bottom that has lots of oxygen and nutrients will move to the top of the ocean
Why important?
food and oxygen for fish and other animals that live closer to the top
Occurs near the continental shelf

15. Upwelling

17. Where do we find the most fish in the oceans?
Near areas of upwelling!

18. Downwelling
Downwelling-oxygen rich cool dense water falling down to the bottom of the ocean,
Why is downwelling important?
Cool dense oxygenated water to the bottom for fish.

19. Downwelling

20. Review: What is the difference between upwelling and downwelling?
Why is upwelling so important to ocean life at or near the surface?
Why is downwelling important for fish near the bottom of the ocean?

21. Kelp- type of seaweed that grows in vast underwater forests

22. Kelp Forest

24. Play kelp forest video

25. Questions: What is the importance of a kelp forest?
How could they be a type of bio-indicator?

26. Ocean resources used by people
3 Largest uses
Food
Desalination of ocean water for fresh water
Salt

27. Desalination Desalination is used to separate salt from the seawater
1. Boil the water
2. Capture the vapor and cool it

30. Question?
How could desalination help water shortages in some countries?
Why do you think we do not use it that much on our planet?

31. Ocean Food 75 million tons of food taken-more than anywhere else
Examples:
Shrimp, oysters, crabs, mussels, and lobster
Seaweed such as kelp is also used
Used in ice cream and jellies to thicken them
Seaweed is also a source of food for many countries

32. Dangers of overfishing
What is overfishing?
Capturing fish faster and in larger quantities than the fish can reproduce

36. Play overfishing video

37. Questions? Why is overfishing a problem?
How could we do to slow down overfishing, but still have fish to eat?

38. Oceanography What is oceanography?
Study of the physical properties of the oceans
Study density, salinity, temperature, and pH

39. Deep ocean technology Sound navigation and ranging Sonar
Used to map the surface of the ocean floor
Sound navigation and ranging
Method is used by sending sound waves to the bottom of the ocean that are then bounced back.

40. SONAR
Longer it takes for a sound wave to return, the deeper the depth

41. Benefits of sonar Map the ocean floor
Locate underwater mountains, canyons, and trenches
Help to understand and track tectonic plate movement
Locate fish

44. Question
What are two benefits of sonar?

45. Underwater vessels Remotely Operated Vessels (ROV’s)
Controlled by someone on a ship

46. Piloted Vessels
Small vessels piloted by humans to explore the ocean

47. Remotely Operated Vehicles

48. Play undersea rover video

49. Question?
What does ROV stand for?
Why do we use ROV’s?

50. ALVIN 1st extreme deepwater submarine piloted by humans
Carries up to 3 people
Reach 3 miles underwater
Built in 1964

51. Alvin

52. Ocean Currents How are ocean currents created?
Ocean currents are created by different densities of water caused by temperature.
Why are currents important?
Move nutrients around for fish
Fish and whales use them to increase their migratory patterns

53. Surface Currents
Currents of water at or near the surface ( ft) that follow certain patterns

54. Surface Currents Affect Climate
Warm surface currents near the northern latitude causes some places to experience warm temperatures
Great Britain and Canada are at the same latitude.
Do they share the same weather?
NO! Canada is much colder and receives a lot more snow than Great Britain.
WHY?

55. Canada vs. Great Britain
The western part of Canada is affected by very cold waters coming from the Arctic Ocean
Causes
Lots of snow and allows distinct animals like polar bears and walruses to survive
Great Britain is affected by warm water coming from the Gulf of Mexico.
Very little snow but a ton of rain and mild winters.

56. Waves Motion across the top of water (wind) causes waves
What is cohesion?
Water sticking to water
Transfers energy throughout water and each wave passes the energy onto the next one.

57. Tides
Tides-extreme change in water levels because of the moons gravitational pull
What is cohesion?
Water sticking to water
How are cohesion and the gravitational pull of the moon related?
The water molecules sticking together allows the water to move as one.

58. Class discussion
What are three resources obtained from oceans?

59. Which of these processes is responsible for increasing dissolved oxygen levels in the oceans?
A. Respiration
B. Photosynthesis
C. Topography
D. Harvesting Kelp

60. Which of these is added to the ocean as a result of respiration?
A. Oxygen
B. Dissolved nutrients
C. Minerals
D. Carbon dioxide

61. Scientists on a ship are using sonar to map the ocean floor
Scientists on a ship are using sonar to map the ocean floor. They send out a pulse at Point A that takes 4 seconds to return to the ship. At Point B, the sound pulse takes 8 seconds to return to the ship. What conclusion can you make?
They are the same depth
Water at Point A is twice as deep as that at Point B
Water at Point B is twice as deep as that at Point A
Water at Point B is half as deep as that at Point A