1. Korematsu v. U.S. 1944

2. During WWII, FDR was advised to sign Executive Order 9066
relocated/excluded citizens of Japanese ancestry from areas:
critical to national defense
potentially vulnerable to espionage
Fred Korematsu
American born citizen
refused to move & stayed in California
violated Civilian Exclusion Order No. 34 of the US Army

3. 14th Amendment: Civil Rights, Executive Order, 5th Amendment
Did the President and Congress go beyond their war powers by implementing exclusion and restricting the rights of Americans of Japanese descent?

4. Supreme Court Ruling
6 votes in favor of US
3 votes against

5. Implications of the Ruling
Compulsory exclusion
Justified during circumstances of “emergency and peril.”
Government’s need to protect against espionage outweighed Korematsu’s rights
Justice Black