1. 3
Minorities Based on Age and Disability

2. The Elderly and Impaired as Minority Groups
The elderly and impaired both lack the social standing to command their environments.
Often, these groups are overlooked and discriminated against because of this lack of social regard.
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3. The Elderly and Impaired as Minority Groups
Not all cultures discriminate against their elderly and impaired populations.
Many cultures exist in the form of a gerontocracy, which favors those of advanced ages.
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4. The Elderly and Impaired as Minority Groups
Impairments
Refer to the loss of regular human functioning
Come in various forms ranging from limitations of cognitive, emotional, and physical attributes
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5. The Elderly and Impaired as Minority Groups
Disability
Refers to a socially constructed concept that captures the relationship between the person with the impairment and the society in which he/she lives
The elderly and impaired often overlap as a group.

6. Age Discrimination Also known as ageism
The stereotyping of and discrimination against individuals or groups because of their age.
Ageism exists in two forms:
Discrimination of those who are young, sometimes known as cultural adultism, and;
Discrimination against the elderly.
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7. Age Discrimination Cultural adultism
Refers to culturally different treatment of adolescents and children compared to treatment afforded adults.
To some extent, this is typical in most all cultures.
Grounded in the belief that young people are unable to reason and perform responsibly as adults.

8. Age Discrimination Elderly discrimination
Refers to the unwarranted bias and stereotyping of the elderly solely based on advanced age without considering the merits of that person
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9. Age Discrimination Elderly discrimination
Most common form of problematic age discrimination, especially in the workplace
The elderly are more vulnerable than the young due to age related disabilities and impairments.

10. Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 (ADEA)
This act forbids the discrimination of anyone over the age of 40. Specifically, the ADEA forbids the:
Discrimination in hiring, wage increases, promotions, wages, termination of employment, and layoffs.
Specification in job notices of age preferences.
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11. Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 (ADEA)
This act forbids the discrimination of anyone over the age of 40. Specifically, the ADEA forbids the:
Denial of benefits to older employees.
Sequirement of mandatory retirement.

12. Disability Discrimination
Discrimination is the way in which a system caters to some members while excluding others.
To protect individuals with special needs and impairments, legislation has been adopted that prevents the most overt discriminatory practices.
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13. Disability Discrimination
The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA) was passed to afford similar protections as the The Civil Rights Act of 1964 to those with physical and mental impairments.
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14. Disability Discrimination
Employers can not unfairly target those with impairments, using those impairments as a basis for not hiring, not promoting, or else terminating an employee.
The ADA established public protections that afforded access to public programs, services, and communications.
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15. Mental Impairments Axis I Axis II Axis III
Clinical disorders, including major mental disorders, and learning disorders
Axis II
Personality disorders and mental retardation
Axis III
Medical problems
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16. Mental Impairments Axis VI Axis V
Acute medical conditions and physical disorders
Axis V
Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) or Children's Global Assessment Scale (CGAS) for children and teens under the age of 18

17. Mental Retardation

18. Mentally Ill Offenders
In 2005, nearly 776,000 prison inmates had been identified as possessing some type of mental health problem.
When added with another 479,900 inmates in local jails with an identified mental health problem the total was over 1,255,000 offenders throughout the nation.

19. Access to Care: The Four Standards of Mental Health Care
In Ruiz v. Estelle, the Supreme Court required:
Correctional administrators must provide an adequate system to ensure mental health screening for inmates.
Correctional facilities must provide access to mental health treatment while inmates are in segregation or special housing units.
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20. Access to Care: The Four Standards of Mental Health Care
In Ruiz v. Estelle, the Supreme Court required:
Correctional facilities must adequately monitor the appropriate use of psychotropic medication.
A suicide prevention program must be implemented.

21. Types of Disabilities Physical Disabilities
Hearing and visual impairments
It is important to consider that many persons have disabilities that are not outwardly visible, such as heart disease and epilepsy.

22. The Disabled as Criminal Justice Employees
Title I of the ADA deals with employment issues.
Under this section, it is illegal to deny employment to qualified individuals with disabilities based on the disability.
Fitness standards, both physical and psychological, can be part of the essential functions of a job.

23. Traumatic Stress and Police Agencies
Critical-incident occupations
Where workers are subjected to traumatic stressors as a normal part of their job responsibilities

24. Traumatic Stress and Police Agencies
Burnout
Defined as a deterioration in job satisfaction and job performance that leads to:
higher turnover rates
decreased job performance
lack of social support to other staff
low morale
negative attitudes
loss of concern for clientele

25. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
Severe anxiety disorder in which a person who has been exposed to a severe stressor continues to display symptoms well after the stressful event occurs.
It has been estimated that 7 percent of police officers suffer from PTSD and another 35 percent have symptoms bordering on a diagnosis.

26. The Elderly as Victims of Crimes
Eldercide
Refers to someone over the age of 65 who is the victim of a homicide
Elder abuse
Refers to "any knowing, intentional, or negligent act by a caregiver or other person that causes harm or serious risk of harm to a vulnerable adult"

27. Types of Elder Abuse Physical Abuse Neglect Emotional Abuse
Self-Neglect
Sexual Abuse
Exploitation
Abandonment
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28. Types of Elder Abuse
It is estimated that anywhere from 2 percent to 10 percent of all elderly will be victims of abuse.

29. The Elderly and Neglect
When one becomes incapable of caring for his/her own activities of daily living, it is said that that person has a failure to thrive.
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30. The Elderly and Neglect
Passive neglect
Leaves the elderly person in very unsafe conditions, which can lead to fires and deaths.
Active neglect
Occurs when someone purposely withholds necessities in order to gain something in return.

31. Elderly Offenders
By adding 11.5 years to an inmate's actual age, we get a more accurate picture of their chronological age. For this reason, inmates over 50 are considered to be elderly.
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32. Elderly Offenders
Special measures have to be taken to segregate elderly inmates at risk for victimization, self-harm, or suicide.
Costs associated with elderly offenders is three time higher than the cost of housing a younger offender.