1. BRITTLE FAILURE: FRACTURES and FAULTS

2. BRITTLE BEHAVIOR
Notice how cracks form early on before the visible crack occurs

3. When there is
only one stress
direction, only
extension fractures
form
Shear Fractures form
when there is confining
pressure

4. EXTENSION FRACTURES (JOINTS)
IN THE FIELD

5. Extension Fractures in a Fold

6. Stress build-up at Grain Boundaries
and
Resulting Extension Fractures

7. Exfoliation of Granite

8. Filled Extension Fractures

9. Plumose Patterns on Extension Fractures

10. Plumose Fractures on Extension Fractures in Field

13. NORMAL FAULTS

18. REVERSE FAULTS

22. Lewis Klippe

23. Radar Interferometry of Kobe Earthquake

25. STRIKE-SLIP FAULTS

29. “Shutter Ridge” along San Andreas Fault
--shows zone of compression in strike-slip fault zones

31. Las Vegas Strike-slip Fault

32. WHAT KIND OF FAULT DO THESE REPRESENT?

33. Conjugate Shear Fractures in Lab

34. Shear Fractures in Regional Fault Zone

35. RHEOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR OF ROCKS
under Different Conditions

37. Shear Fractures in Theory and in Field

38. Shear Fractures showing Normal Slip, Death Valley

39. Conjugate Shear Fractures in Field

40. BATHYMETRIC MAP OF MID OCEAN RIDGE (MOR)
DIVERGENT PLATE BOUNDARY

41. Extension Fractures in Limestone

42. Extension Fractures in Sandstone, Utah

43. RED SEA AND SINAI PENINSULA
DIVERGENT PLATE BOUNDARY

44. TRANSFORM PLATE BOUNDARY, CALIFORNIA

45. TRANSFORM PLATE BOUNDARY: SAN ANDREAS-GARLOCK FAULTS

46. FRACTURES AFTER EARTHQUAKE

47. TRANSFORM PLATE BOUNDARY, CALIFORNIA

48. INDIAN PLATE CONVERGING WITH ASIA

49. FRACTURES AFTER EARTHQUAKE

52. MAIN FAULTS

53. SUMATRA
FAULT ZONE
showing
Transpressional
plate motions

54. SAN ANDREAS: Shutter Ridges

55. FAULT SCARP AND FAULT GOUGE

56. OFFSET CURB: Loma Prieta Earthquake

57. FAULT SCARP CROSSING ROAD