1. Chapter 8, Deviance
Key Terms

2. Deviance Behavior that is recognized as violating expected rules and norms.
Moral entrepreneurs People who organize social movement to reform how a behavior is morally perceived and handled.  

3. Medicalization of deviance Explanations of defiant behavior that interpret deviance as the result of individual pathology or sickness.
Anomie The condition existing when social regulations in a society break down; the controlling influences of society are no longer effective and people exist in a state of relative normlessness.

4. Anomic suicide Occurs when the disintegrating forces in the society make individuals feel lost and alone.
Altruistic suicide Occurs when the an individual commits suicide for the sake of a cause.

5. Egoistic suicide Occurs when people feel totally detached from society.
Structural strain theory Traces the origins of deviance to the tensions caused by the gap between cultural goals and the means people have to achieve these goals.

6. Social control theory Deviance occurs when a person’s attachment to social bonds is weakened.  
Elite deviance Refers to the wrongdoing of wealthy and powerful individuals and organizations.

7. Social control The process by which groups are brought into conformity with dominant social expectations.  
Differential association theory Interprets deviance, including criminal behavior and white-collar crime, as behavior one learns though interaction with others.

8. Labeling theory Response of others is the most significant factor in understanding how deviant behavior is created and sustained.
Primary deviance Actual violation of a norm or law.

9. Secondary deviance The behavior that results from being labeled deviant, regardless of whether the person has previously engaged in deviance.
Tertiary deviance Occurs when the deviant fully accepts the deviant role but rejects the stigma associated with it, as when lesbians and gays proudly display their identity.

10. Deviant identity Definition a person has of himself or herself as a deviant.
Deviant careers Sequence of movements people make through a particular subculture of deviance.

11. Deviant communities Groups organized around particular forms of social deviance.
Stigma An attribute that is socially devalued and discredited.

12. Master status Characteristic of a person that overrides all other features of the person's identity.