1. T. Vedeld, M. Ndour, A. Coly, S. Hellevik
Floods, urban planning and multi-level governance in Coastal West Africa The case of Saint-Louis
T. Vedeld, M. Ndour,
A. Coly, S. Hellevik
NFU Annual Conference, November, 2012
22/11/2018
Trond Vedeld
Senior development researcher

2. Overview of presentation
Basic approach and assumptions
Exposure & vulnerability
Structure of neighbourhood Councils (quartier)
Empirical findings on citizens’ actions in DRM
Structure of urban governance - role of key actors
Empirical findings on governance, planning, DRM/CCA
Implications for policy and theory
22/11/2018
Trond Vedeld

3. Basic approach
To explain division of responsibility for DRM & CCA between state and municipality and how various policy instruments are applied
i) Institutional (coordination, decentralised organisation, accountability, pluralisation, participation)
ii) Legal/regulative
iii) Finance
iv) Informative/knowledge
Key attention to the role of municipality and two local case-Councils on i) flash floods & ii) coastal flooding/erosion

4. Multi-level analysis of urban governance and DRM/CCA
Analyse interface between urban governance/planning system and flood risks and vulnerability (national, city, local)
Multi-level and multi-organisational – interplay of state and non-state actors
Useful with governance approach (= steering of public arenas/society)
State centric approach
22/11/2018
Trond Vedeld

5. Assumption & methods Assumption
Opportunities for improved DRM & CCA lie in integration at lower levels (municipality and below)
Finds support in different theory strains
Methods
Semi-structured interviews, observations of local practices by local students, reviews of policies/laws, plans, literature
22/11/2018
Trond Vedeld

6. Saint Louis, Senegal 200 000 people 300 mm/year
Exremely low lying settlements
Flash floods – river floods
people affected in 2010 floods

7. Saint Louis, Senegal Coastal & riverine city
Located on four low-lying islands – former wetlands

8. Exposed, vulnerable citizens with some local response capacity
Exposed informal settlements due to rapid urbanization (3% growth, 30% in informal areas)
Vulnerability (lack of storm drains, sewerage, solid waste, green space, infrastructure)
Poor and vulnerable citizens (assets, livelihoods)
But organized, proactive and engaged civil society

9. The neighbourhood Council (Conseill de Quartier)
Elected local Council with representation from the following (but not legalized);
Youth Sport and Cultural Associations
Women/female youth group
Teacher-Parents group
Health and sanitation committee
Relgious groups
Economic interest groups
Neighborhood development associations
22/11/2018
Cluva Saint-Louis

10. Findings: Citizens’ DRM actions
Protect own houses and assets; aware of flood risks
Involved in local development planning
Design projects on climate risk reduction
Advocate for assistance from above
Organized young people and raised local awareness
Helped organize training of teachers on CCA
Mobilized for new road & storm drains
But lacks legitimacy and finance
22/11/2018
Guy Weets

11. Levels of governance in Saint-Louis
Niveau communautaire
Niveau décentralisé
Comité, commission
Niveau déconcentré
Niveau municipal
Niveau quartier
régional
Comité Régional de développement
Gouverneur
Services techniques
Préfet
Maire
Conseil Municipal
Agence de développement communale
Services techn municip
Conseil de quartiers
Délégué
Président Conseil
Association sportives et culturelles
Organisation communautaire de base
Source, COLY A., NDOUR M., GUEYE S., in press
22/11/2018
Cluva Saint-Louis

12. Multi-level governance of flood risks
Central and regional state agencies – coordinate at national and regional levels, finance, land use planning + river flood control, stormwater, disaster response
Municipality - urban development planning (not land use), green structures, solid waste and post-disaster recovery
Private sector - water supply and protection of water infrastructure, housing, construction
NGOs - Red Cross
Citizens/local groups - protection of assets, early evacuation, cleaning of drains, solid waste, ecosystem mngmt/destruction
22/11/2018
Trond Vedeld

13. Multi-level actors in urban planning/governance and DRM/CCA
Institutional level
Actors/ institutions
DRM/flood response
CCA/long-term risk red
Development ”low-regrets”
International
WB/AFD, UN
Med
Low
State
Key services
Regional state
Governor, planners, core services,
High
Municipal
Planners, services
Ward/quartier
Councillors
Civic/local gr.
Diverse gr.s.
Citizens
Individuals
NGOs
Red Cross
Private sector
Developers
22/11/2018
Trond Vedeld

14. Findings on governance and planning
Municipality not ”in charge” – undermines autonomy and accountability
Urban plans with limited integration of CCA/DRM
No planning design principles
Weak land control and enforcement
Weak involvement of non-state actors
Limited links between DRM and CCA
CCA more of a national concern than DRM l
Trond Vedeld

15. Findings on governance & floods risk management
No real institutional home with municipality
Lack representation at higher levels
Weak regional government; strong regional state services (Governor)
Overlaps and unclearity between municipality/state
Weak lines of command (vertical/horizontal)
No EWS and weak emergency management
22/11/2018
Trond Vedeld

16. Stronger integration of DRM/CCA in governance - requires
Create institutional homes + financial support
Establish coordination & operational integration
Shift towards long-term DRM/CCA
Address inequality/informality and build local political capacity and accountabilities
22/11/2018
Trond Vedeld

17. Support of theory – findings support
Urban DRM/CCA theory; flood risks spill across judicial, administrative and socio-ecological boundaries
Ostrom and Oakerson on polycentric governance
James Manor’s work on decentralisation
Richard Crook’s work on sivil service; «islands of effectiveness»
Judith Tendler’s work from Brazil; state services can build accountability
22/11/2018
Trond Vedeld