1. Strategies

2. Strategies

4. South
“The Confederates eventually synthesized [combined] these various strands of strategic theory [ideas] and political reality into what Davis called an “offensive-defensive” strategy. This consisted of defending the Confederate homeland by using interior lines of communication to concentrate dispersed forces against an invading army and, if opportunity offered, to go over to the offensive, even to the extent of invading the North [I]t emerged [came out or began] from a series of major campaigns in the Virginia-Maryland and Tennessee-Kentucky theaters [area of warfare] during 1862, and culminated [finished] at Gettysburg in 1863.”
-James McPherson, Battle Cry of Freedom: The Civil War Era, p. 338, Oxford University Press, NY, 1988.

5. The U.S. Civil War

6. Each Battle…
Where?
When?
Who?
Strategy?
Outcome?

7. Battle of Shiloh

8. Shiloh (April 6, 1862)
Following the Fort Donelson victory, the Union was overconfident and thus surprised when they were attacked at the woods near Shiloh in southwestern Tennessee. Union General William Tecumseh Sherman remarked, “My God, we’re attacked,” after his orderly [servant soldier] was unexpectedly [by surprise] killed. Sherman recovered, however, and for the next twelve hours, his leadership was as one historian wrote, “cool and courageous.” Leading from the front of his troops, Sherman was wounded, and had three horses shot out from underneath him. Despite the heavy losses the Union sustained [had] in the first day of surprise battle, Grant counterattacked [attacked the attackers] the next day, sending his 40,000 troops to battle against P.T. Beauregard’s 25,000 soldiers. Later in the day, Grant’s troops were reinforced [made stronger] with additional [more] troops. By the afternoon, the Confederacy was in retreat. The Union did not follow as the casualties [dead and wounded soldiers] from the battle were overwhelming [too much]. The Battle of Shiloh was the bloodiest battle of the war thus far. More than 20,000 soldiers died or were wounded. Some historians argue that this battle was the beginning of “total war” for both the Union and the Confederacy. It also marked the end of Southern control of the Mississippi Valley

12. Hornet’s Nest Field next to a sunken road Union controlled
Southerns charges 8-14 times
Should have gone around
Took 7 Hours to Capture
Enough time for Grant to advance and win.
Confederate General Johnston is killed

13. Basics 23,741 Casualties 10,694 C v. 13,047 U.S. Wins?
(April 6-7, 1862)
Tennessee
Wins?
-Confederate- General PGT Beauregard & Albert Sydney Johnston
-Union- Don Carlos Buell & Ulysses S. Grant
23,741
Casualties
10,694 C v. 13,047 U.S.

14. Basics 23,741 Casualties 10,694 C v. 13,047 U.S. Union Wins
(April 6-7, 1862)
Virginia (next to D.C.)
Union Wins
-Confederate- General PGT Beauregard & Albert Sydney Johnston
-Union- Don Carlos Buell & Ulysses S. Grant
23,741
Casualties
10,694 C v. 13,047 U.S.

15. Outcome Grant is blamed for so many lives lost
North wants Grant removed
Lincoln, "I can't spare this man; he fights."
Buell and Sherman emerge as a hero

16. Casualties: 23,741 April 12, 1861: Battle of Fort Sumter
Casualties: none
June 30, 1861: Battle of Philippi
Casualties: 30
4 Union
26 Confederate
July 21, 1861: First Battle of Bull Run/First Battle of Manassas
Casualties: 4,700
2,950 Union
1,750 Confederate
August 28-29, 1861: Battle of Hatteras Inlet Batteries
Casualties: 773
3 Union
770 Confederate
October 21, 1861: Battle of Ball's Bluff
Casualties: 1,070
921 Union
149 Confederate
November 7, 1861: Battle of Belmont
Casualties: 1,464
498 Union
966 Confederate
January 19, 1862: Battle of Mill Springs
Casualties: 671
232 Union
439 Confederates
February 6, 1862: Battle of Fort Henry
Casualties: 119
40 Union
79 Confederate
February 11, 1862: Battle of Fort Donelson
Casualties: 17,398
2,331 Union
15,067 Confederate
March 8, 1862: Battle of Hampton Roads
Casualties: 433
409 Union
24 Confederate
March 23, 1862: First Battle of Kernstown
Casualties: 1,308
590 Union
718 Confederate
April 5, 1862: Siege of Yorktown
Casualties: 320
April 6-7, 1862:
Battle of Shiloh
Casualties: 23,741
13,047 Union
10,694 Confederate