1. Colonial Empires in the Americas

2. Major Themes Empires of Spain Empires of France Colonies of Britain
Colonies of the Dutch
Major Themes

3. Empires of Spain Explain the early Spanish settlement of the Americas
Describe the colonial society in New France
Empires of Spain

4. Conquest of Mexico Hernan Cortez Invasion Strategy Diego Velazquez
Cuba
Invasion
Yucatan Peninsula
Maliche (Dona Marina)
Tlaxcalan
Montezuma
Quetzacoatl
Tenochtitlan
Strategy
hostage
“noche triste”
small pox
Conquest of Mexico

5. The Colony of New Spain Mexico City Conquistadors Pizarro
Incas
Atahualpa
Other Conquistadors
Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca
Francisco Vasquez de Coronado
Hernando de Soto
Borderlands
New Mexico
presidios
mission houses
El Camino Real
The Colony of New Spain

6. Spanish American Society
hidalgos
encomienda system
class structure society
peninsulares
criollos
mestizo
mullatos
Council of the Indies
food
haciendas
vaqueros
Spanish American Society

7. Review Questions for Empires of Spain
Why were the Spanish successful in defeating the Aztecs?
Why did many Spanish conquistadors set out on expeditions to America?
How were social classes determined in the Spanish colonies in the Americas?
Review Questions for Empires of Spain

8. French Empire in America
King Francis I (1524)
Giovanni da Verrazano
Northwest Passage
Jacques Cartier
fur trade
Quebec
Samuel de Champlain
Coureurs de bois
Jesuit missionaries
New France
problems
solutions
Mississippi River
Louis Joliet & Jacques
Marquette
Robert de La Salle
St. Augustine (1565)
French Empire in America

9. Why were the Spanish successful in defeating the Aztecs?
Why did many Spanish conquistadors set out on expeditions to America?
How were social classes determined in the Spanish colonies in the Americas?
What was the main purpose for establishing the colony of New France?
Why did the French begin importing enslaved Africans to Louisiana in the early 1700’s?
Review Questions

10. British Colonies in America
Explain the religious and economic reasons why England became interested in America.
Describe the founding of Jamestown and explain why it succeeded.
British Colonies in America

11. Interest John Cabot (1497) Lack of colonization
financing
signs of wealth
Catholic claims
Protestant Reformation (1517)
Martin Luther
John Calvin
English Reformation
King Henry VIII
Anglican Church
Puritans
Enclosure Movement
transition from agriculture
to trade (wool)
Surplus
joint stock companies
Interest

12. The Return to America Martin Frobisher Rivals Military Bases
market for wool
Northwest Passage
Rivals
Military Bases
Sir Humphrey Gilbert
& Sir Walter Raleigh
Lost Colony of Roanoke
Virginia
The Return to America

13. Jamestown Virginia Company Troubles James River Jamestown (1607) swamp
settlers
John Smith &
Powhatan Confederacy
Incentives
land
tobacco (John Rolfe)
House of Burgesses
headrights
royal colony (1622)
Jamestown

14. Maryland Lord Baltimore, George Calvert refuge for Catholics
proprietary colony
Maryland

15. Review Questions for English Colonization
What religious and economic changes led to England’s interest in establishing colonies in America?
Why did England come to the aid of the Dutch in the mid-1500’s?
Why was the settlement of Jamestown in trouble from its beginning?
Why did Lord Baltimore establish the colony of Maryland?
Review Questions for English Colonization

16. Discuss why John Winthrop founded Massachusetts and describe the Puritan society established there.
Describe why New England settlers such as Roger Williams and Anne Hutchison let the Massachusetts Bay colony.
Puritan New England

17. Plymouth Separatists Plymouth Colony Mayflower (1620) Cape Cod
William Bradford
Squanto
Thanksgiving
Plymouth

18. Puritan Massachusetts
Puritans
King Charles I
wool
John Winthrop
Massachusetts Bay
Company
“City Upon A Hill”
Great Migration
Massachusetts Bay Colony
General Court
role of the church
heresy
Puritan Massachusetts

19. Other New England Colonies
Puritan intolerance
Roger Williams
“would not officiate to an
unseparated people”
view of Native Americans
Providence, Rhode Island
Anne Hutchison
banishment
Portsmouth
Connecticut
Rev. Thomas Hooker
Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
Pequot War
New Hampshire & Maine
Captain John Mason
Sir Fernando Gorges
Other New England Colonies

20. King Philip’s War peace after the Pequot War Wampanoag trial Metacomet
significance
King Philip’s War

21. Review Questions Why did the Pilgrims immigrate to America?
Why were many Puritans willing to leave England for America during the early 1600’s?
Why did the General Court in Massachusetts banish several of its colonists?
What disagreement did Thomas Hooker have with the Massachusetts government?
What event led to King Philip’s War?
Review Questions

22. Middle & Southern Colonies
Discuss the ideas of William Penn and the Quakers.
Analyze the “holy experiment” in the colony of Pennsylvania.
Explain why the English colonies were successful in population and economics.
Middle & Southern Colonies

23. English Civil War King Charles I (1642) Parliament
Oliver Cromwell “Lord Protector of England”
Colonial support
Virginia
Maryland
New England
Restoration (1660)
English Civil War

24. New Netherland Dutch East India Company Colonial Availability
Henry Hudson
New Amsterdam
Colonial Availability
open policy
diversity
James, Duke of York
Colony of New Jersey
Sir George Carteret &
Lord John Berkley
Incentives
New Netherland

25. Pennsylvania William Penn (1680) Beliefs “the Holy Experiment”
petition for a grant of land
Quakers
Beliefs
“inner light”
Pacifism
“the Holy Experiment”
complete religious & political freedom
Treaty of Shackamaxon – Lenni Lenape
Philadelphia
Delaware
Pennsylvania

26. Southern Colonies eight other friends and allies “Carolina”
sparse settlement
exporters of naval stores
South Carolina
Georgia Experiment
James Oglethorpe
home for debtors
Southern Colonies

27. Why did Maryland’s leaders support the king instead of Parliament?
Why did people from many parts of Europe settle in New Netherland?
Why did William Penn establish the colony of Pennsylvania?
Why did North Carolina develop slowly as a colony?
Review Questions