1. Notes: Ionic Bonds 1. Key Concept: Ionic bonds form when electrons are
_________ from one atom to another atom.
transferred
Like all chemical bonds, ionic bonds form so that the ________ ______ _____ of the atoms in the bonds are filled.
outermost energy levels
In an ionic bond, one atom has ____ electrons.
lost
gained
The other atom has ______ electrons.

2. 2. Atoms will lose or gain electrons to have 8 electrons in their _____ ______ level.
outer
energy
Wants to lose 1 electron
Wants to gain 1 electron
sodium
chlorine

3. REMEMBER,
This is a happy atom!

4. 3, A transfer of electrons between atoms changes the
______of electrons in each atom.
number
protons
same
But the number of _______ stays the ____
in each atom.
ions
The atoms become ____.

5. charged particles
4. Ions are ______ _______that form when atoms gain or lose electrons.
If an ion has more protons than electrons, it is a _______ ion.
positive
If an ion has more electrons than protons, it is a _______ ion.
negative

6. 5. Forming Positive Ions positive ions
Atoms that lose electrons form ______ ___ because these atoms have ____ ______than electrons.
more protons
There are more positive charges than negative charges.
positive
The net charge on these ions is _______.

7. few
6. Atoms of most metals have ___ electrons in their outermost energy level.
metal atoms
When _____ _____ bond with other atoms, they tend to lose these valence electrons and form ______ ____.
positive ions
The chemical symbol for the aluminum ion is Al3+.

8. energy
7. When an atom loses electrons, _____ is needed to overcome the attraction of the electrons to the protons in the nucleus.
easily
The metals in Groups 1 and 2 react _____ because the energy needed to remove electrons from their atoms is so _____.
small

9. 8. Forming Negative Ions negative ions
Atoms that gain electrons form ______ ___ because these atoms have ____ _______ than protons.
more electrons
There are more negative charges than positive charges.
negative
The net charge on these ions is _______.

10. almost full
9. Atoms of most nonmetals have _____ ___ outermost energy levels.
nonmetal atoms
When _______ _____ bond with other atoms, they tend to gain electrons to fill their outermost level and form ______ ____.
negative ions
The chemical symbol for the oxide ion is O2-.

11. fill
10. Atoms of most nonmetals ___ their outermost energy level by ______ _______.
gaining electrons
given off
Energy is _____ ___ by most nonmetal atoms when they ____ electrons.
gain
more easily
The ____ _____ an atom gains an electron, the ____ _____ the atom releases.
more energy
halogens
The _______, such as fluorine and chlorine, are ___ _______ because they release
a ____ ______ of energy.
very reactive
large amount

12. 11. Forming Ionic Compounds
ionic bond
An ____ ____ forms because of the strong forces of ________ between the ______ ____ ___ and the
_______ ______ ___.
attraction
positive metal ions
negative nonmetal ions
opposite charges
The _______ ______of the ions causes the ions to ____ _______.
stick together

13. When a metal and a nonmetal combine by ionic bonding, the _______ _______ has ________ ________ than the metal and nonmetal did.
resulting compound
different properties

14. 12. Ionic Compounds
The ions that make up an ionic compound are bonded in a repeating three-dimensional pattern called a _____ _____.
crystal lattice
The crystal lattice is built up so that the positive ions are _______to the negative ions.
nearest

15. 13. Properties of Ionic Compounds
brittle solids at room temperature
break apart when hit with a hammer
high melting points
magnesium oxide melts at 2,800ºC
very high boiling points
high solubility in water
sea water tastes salty because it has sodium chloride and many other ionic compounds dissolved in it