1. Unit 4: Socialization & Social Interaction Do Now:
Aim: To what extent are conceptions of the self determined
by our social interactions?
Do Now:
In your notebook, number 1-5, complete the prompt
“I am…” in 5 different ways.

2. And behaviors appropriate for members of a particular culture.
Nature versus Nurture,
or…
Socialization: the process by which people learn the attitudes, values,
And behaviors appropriate for members of a particular culture.
Nature and Nurture?

3. “Genie” is the pseudonym for a feral child who spent nearly all of the first thirteen years of her life locked inside a bedroom strapped to a potty chair. She was a victim of one of the most severe cases of social isolation ever documented. Genie was discovered by Los Angeles authorities on November 4, 1970.Psychologists, linguists and other scientists exhibited great interest in the case because of its perceived ability to reveal insights into the development of language and linguistic critical periods.

4. David Reimer

5. What groups/institutions are the primary agents of
Socialization?
Family
School
Peer
Groups
Work
Mass
Media
Religion

6. Impact of environment:
Though these two men are genetically identical, they were separated at birth.  The man on the left was malnourished for years.   Bone structure changes brought about by environmental factors is thus one of many ways (physical and behavioral) in which the environment can dramatically affect the way in which the genes express themselves.

7. Cultural Differences in Defining the ‘Self’
Independent View of the Self:
A way of defining oneself in terms of one’s own internal thoughts, feelings, and actions and not in terms of the thoughts, feelings, and actions of other people.
Interdependent View of the Self:
A way of defining oneself in terms of one’s relationships to other people; recognizing that one’s behavior is often determined by the thoughts, feelings, and actions of others.
(Kitayama & Uchida, 2005; Markus & Kitayama, 1991, 2001; Nisbett, 2003; Triandis, 1995) 7

8. Major Theorists of the Self
Charles Horton Cooley
George Herbert Mead

9. Cooley’s “Looking Glass Self”
Believed that we learn who we are through our interactions with others. The phrase ‘looking glass self’ emphasizes this point with 3 phases:
Cooley’s “Looking Glass Self”
Phase 1: we imagine how we present ourselves to others
Phase 2: we imagine how other evaluate us (attractive, funny, strange)
Phase 3: we develop feelings (shame, pride) based on these.

10. Mead’s Stages of the Self
Preparatory Stage: children imitate those
around them- as they age children begin to
use symbols (gestures/words) to communicate.
Play Stage: children begin
to pretend to be others -
Role taking = mentally
assuming perspective
another.
Mead’s Stages of the Self
Game Stage: Child of 8 or 9 yrs. No longer just play roles, but begin to
understand the tasks and relationships of others. Mead used the term
“generalized self” to refer to attitudes, viewpoints, of society that child
takes into consideration in his/her behavior.

11. Back to the “Do Now”… What were some of the descriptions you used to
describe yourself?
Now, describe how everything you wrote
describe some sort of cultural value, norm,
or pattern…

12. Irving Goffman: Presentation of the Self
Impression Management:
How we learn to create distinctive
Images of ourselves for
Particular people we’ll
Be around
Face-Work: face-saving behavior
We initiate when we feel
Embarrassed or rejected

14. Social Interaction &
Social Structure

15. Statuses & Roles:
Status: position you occupy in a social setting (what type of people occupy higher social status in high school? Lower?) Why?
Ascribed Status: assigned to a person by society without regard for the person’s unique talents or characteristics
Achieved Status: comes to us through our own efforts
Master status: status that dominates how people view you in society

16. Number 1-10 in your notebook
Social Roles: a social role is a set of expectations for people who occupy a given social position or status. Remember, you occupy a status, but you play a role.
Activity:
Number 1-10 in your notebook
Write down 10 brief responses to the prompt of
“WHO AM I?”
*Unlike the previous activity, you may describe
yourself in any way you like

17. Look over your
ten statements
Trait vs. Role
Next to each of your
statements, write
down whether the
statement describes
a trait (e.g., outgoing),
or a role (e.g., brother)

18. Teacher Social Role Activity: Choose 1 of the many social roles
that you occupy in your life and do the following:
Now, in each box, write1 social role that you occupy - choose anything from student, to girlfriend, to son…whatever.
Teacher
Be educated, prepare students,
Summers off, job security
Then, write down the expected behaviors, responsibilities, and privileges of that role

19. -What were some roles you chose? -What were some of the associated
responsibilities, tasks, etc?
-Have you ever thought of you different
Social roles in this way?
Role conflict: when incompatible expectations arise from 2 or more social positions held by the same person.
Going back to the activity we just did,
what are some conflicts that arise between
the responsibilities or behaviors or 2 or more
different roles you wrote down?

20. Role Conflict and Ascribed Statuses:
Role conflict also occurs when individual move into occupations that are not common among people with their ascribed status

21. Difficulty that arises when there are conflicting
Role Strain:
Difficulty that arises when there are conflicting
demands and expectations within the same social
role

23. Groups, Group Dynamics
and Organizations:

24. Types of Groups:
Consists of people who regularly and consciously interact with one another.
Involuntary Membership: members who are assigned to a group by others (examples?)
Voluntary Membership: Groups that people choose to join (examples?)
Primary Groups: small, intimate, enduring (examples?)
Secondary: formal, superficial, temporary (examples?)

25. ‘In’ & ‘Out’ Groups: In-Groups: groups towards which we feel loyalty
Out-Groups: groups towards which we feel antagonism
Divides the world into “us” and “them”
Creates a double standard in which we can view the same trait as positive in the in-group, and negative in the out-group. Example- men may see aggressive men as “assertive”, while they see aggressive women as “pushy”

26. Sociological Group Discussion:
Which sociological group has had the most/least impact on your life (Race, Gender, Ethnicity, Religion, Social Class, Age?) Why?
Are some of those groupings an advantage? A disadvantage? Why?
How specifically does your membership in any of the groups above impact your life (the way you grew up, the way you see the world, how you are treated by others, how you behave, etc)?

28. Group Activity - “Who Should Live?”
You will get into small groups and come to a
group consensus based on the instructions
on the handout