1. Changing locations: manufacturing
Key Idea 4.5
Changing locations: manufacturing
Economic Activity and Energy
Manufacturing
Lesson 1 of 1

2. The Global Shift in Manufacturing
Describe and explain global shifts in manufacturing
Outline the factors affecting manufacturing location change.

3. Taboo Quaternary Industry High-tech Industry Raw materials
Informal Sector
Tertiary sector
Bio-technology
Science Parks
Decentrali-sation
China
M4 Corridor
Development pathway
Disposable income

4. Explain what is meant by the “global shift in manufacturing”

5. Refer to Fig 4.14 Name a country that has lost manufacturing
become a new centre of manufacturing

6. Mind map
Create a mind map illustrating the causes of the global shift in manufacturing.

7. What factors affect the location of secondary industry?

8. T......
These companies T
Now much faster E
Due to the
Location factors C
because of speed and
Footloose Industries G
Incentives

9. TNCs
These companies are locating in the cheapest and therefore most profitable locations.
Transport
Now much faster and cheaper, therefore distance is no longer as significant as it used to be.
Location factors
Governments
Incentives to set up factories within their borders such as tax exemption.
Energy
Due to the National Grid system, electricity can be made available almost anywhere.
Communication
because of speed and efficiency of modern communications, a manufacturing company can keep in immediate touch with factories scattered in different countries.
Footloose Industries
Their location is no longer tied down to nearness of raw materials and
market.

10. Case Study: M4 Corridor

11. Examination question
High-tech companies locate along the M4 corridor; for example, Vodaphone has its head office in Newbury. Although they are relatively footloose as they do not need large amounts of raw materials, they still favour certain locations – easy access for the workforce, components and finished products are required. The M4 provides a direct route to Heathrow Airport and also links easily to the M5. There is also an intercity rail link from London to South Wales. They require a highly-skilled workforce and like to share ideas and knowledge. Therefore they locate near universities such as Reading or Bristol. An attractive environment is an advantage which is offered by the nearby Cotswolds.