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Geothermal Energy Heat flow from Earth’s Crust
Radioactive decay of K,U,Th Intrusion of magma into crust Movement of tectonic plates
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Power Generation >150ºC required, lower for direct heating
Currently only Hydrothermal- water/steam US capacity-2930 MW ~90% capacity factor Efficiency 5-20% Little/no emissions
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Geothermal Resources 13 million quads,130,000X current annual consumption Much less economically extractable Best prospects in Western US Only 11% resources exploited with current technology EGS has highest potential 100,000 MW achievable by 2050 1/10 current production
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Enhanced Geothermal Systems
Hot dry rocks Drill two wells, hydraulically fracture rock Circulate water Could sequester CO2
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Past Field Studies 25 kg/s flow rate achieved, goal 80 kg/s
Best to stimulate existing fractures 5 MW can be produced in each commercial scale well
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Technical Challenges High drilling costs: largest expense, high temp, hard rocks Short Circuits-water loss, chemical additives only up to 175ºC Rock/water interactions Resource depletion Fracture Growth Better reservoir Models
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Questions?
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