1. Early Civilizations, 3500–600 B.C.E.2
Early Civilizations, 3500–600 B.C.E.

2. Warm Up sec 1 + 2
You should be able to discuss these terms from sec
What is it? Where did it come form? Why is it important – what did it cause?
Civilization
Cuneiform
Ziggurats
City-states
Hammurabi

3. FIGURE This detail from Egyptian tomb art shows a husband and wife harvesting grain. As dictated by patriarchal values, the husband takes the lead in the work and the wife follows, but in Egypt, unlike Mesopotamia, men and women were depicted working together.
FIGURE This detail from Egyptian tomb art shows a husband and wife harvesting grain. As dictated by patriarchal values, the husband takes the lead in the work and the wife follows, but in Egypt, unlike Mesopotamia, men and women were depicted working together.

4. Civilization Defining civilization Problematic definition
Economic surplus, distributed unequally
Formal governments with bureaucracies
System of writing
Urban centers
Problematic definition
Cities and writing not found in early agricultural settlements

5. Civilization Criticism "Civilization" connoting "better"
Progress
Superiority
Yet cruelty, rudeness in civilized societies
Mass overuse of land

6. TIMELINE B.C.E.–500 B.C.E.
TIMELINE B.C.E.–500 B.C.E.

7. Tigris-Euphrates Civilization
Mesopotamia
Civilization developed from scratch
Sumeria
Writing
Cuneiform: stylus on clay tablets
Phonetic
Scribes
Art
Astronomy, numeric system

8. Map 2.1 Early Sumer The civilization fanned out along the Tigris and Euphrates rivers.

9. FIGURE One of the early uses of writing was to mark property boundaries. This picture shows cuneiform writing on a Mesopotamian map from about 1300 B.C.E. The map focuses on defining the king's estate, with sections for priests and for key gods such as Marduk. In what ways did writing improve property maps?
FIGURE One of the early uses of writing was to mark property boundaries. This picture shows cuneiform writing on a Mesopotamian map from about 1300 B.C.E. The map focuses on defining the king's estate, with sections for priests and for key gods such as Marduk. In what ways did writing improve property maps?

10. FIGURE 2. 3 A translation of the map shown in Figure 2. 2
FIGURE A translation of the map shown in Figure 2.2. (University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology. Neg.#S )
FIGURE A translation of the map shown in Figure 2.2. (University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology. Neg.#S )