1. Engaging Public Transport Users
Conference on Urban Mass Transit
16-17 March 2009

2. Presentation Structure
Introductions – who we are
Resolving Public Transport Issues in Malaysia
Regulation has to change
Organization has to change
A New Model for Public Transport
Making it happen
Conclusion

3. So…who are you?
The Association for the Improvement of Mass-Transit (TRANSIT), Klang Valley
A diverse group of public transport users
A united voice for the passenger
Our Goal
to ensure the voice of the passenger is heard in public transport planning, regulation, and operations
To increase awareness about what public public transport can bring to our communities

4. Resolving Public Transport Issues in Malaysia
FACT:
Public transport provides 3 functions for society
Mobility for those not using private transport
Development tool to reduce infrastructure costs
A business operation with potential for profits
Investment in public transport is investment in critical communications infrastructure
Far less money has been invested properly into public transport than in other infrastructure

5. Why don’t “choice users” choose to use public transport?
TRIP
(Mass) transit journey is too tiring
ROUTE
Transit routes are very complicated
PLATFORM
Transit points are not accessible

6. To make people use public transport…
TRIP
(Mass) transit journey is too tiring
ROUTE
Transit routes are very complicated
PLATFORM
Transit points are not accessible
MAKE TRIP FAST AND COMFORTABLE
MAKE GETTING TO PLACES SIMPLE AND STRAIGHT FORWARD
MAKE TRANSFERS CONVENIENT AND HASSLE FREE

7. The bottom line of public transport…
MAKE TRIP FAST AND COMFORTABLE
MAKE GETTING TO PLACES SIMPLE AND STRAIGHT FORWARD
MAKE TRANSFERS CONVENIENT AND HASSLE FREE
KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS in:
Accessibility
Availability
Reliability
Safety
Comfort
The measurement of performance is the key, because……
If you can’t measure it, you can’t control it…
If you can’t control it, you can’t manage it…
If you can’t manage it, you can’t improve it.
But who watches and measures the KPI???

8. So?
Do we appreciate and understand all functions of public transport when we plan, regulate, and operate these services?
Ensuring universal accessibility?
Enhancing development and reducing infrastructure costs?
Have we maximized the benefits and minimized the costs?
Are we planning ahead or planning too late?
Are all stakeholders engaged and valued?

9. Integrated Mass-Transit Network?
Consultation after the fact
Various announcements of LRT extensions made in 2006 & 2007
Consultant appointed in August 2008
Consultant requests meeting with residents in Feb 2009
Consultant requests cancellation of meeting in Mar 2009
No further updates

10. The current system cannot work because:
The single most important competitor to public transport is private transport
Taxpayers’ money has not been used to fund common infrastructure to support public transport the way it is used to
build and maintain roads for cars.
TRIP
Collective movement of people
ROUTE
Servicing common corridor with greater efficiency
PLATFORM
Facilitated by pooled resources (stations, street signals, dedicated lanes etc)
Operators pitted against each other will take every cost savings they can get away with in absence of any reasonable standards, regulations and enforcement
Mass transit vehicles SHARE travel space with private vehicles
Operators maximize whatever they can squeeze from any loophole in public infrastructure (i.e. loitering of parked buses, unruly road hogging and speeding)

11. Regulation has to change
Public transport is not coordinated
Various disconnected services operated by various disconnected corporations
Some important questions
Why are government corporations competing with private corporations?
Will the S.P.A.D. be just another agency? (#14)
Does the government have a clear, realistic plan for public transport?
Are government and operators listening to us?

12. Who does what in public transport
This highly systemic and strategic task should be entrusted to
a centralized authority with a high-level of
legislative and enforcement powers
TRIP
Collective movement of people
ROUTE
Servicing common corridor with greater efficiency
PLATFORM
Facilitated by pooled resources (stations, street signals, dedicated lanes etc)
This operational task is typically taken by private or
quasi-government operators.
Pooled resources refer to commonly shared infrastructures funded by taxpayers. Ownership by local and regional level authorities is a must.

13. Change the regulation…
Public Transport is a “rakyat issue”
The people must be engaged to use, support, and keep watch in public transport
A Centralized Authority (S.P.A.D.) will:
Create national standards for public transport
Integrate planning with National Physical Plan
Determine funding needs and provide funds
Invest in critical improvements to infrastructure

14. Change the regulation…
Local / Regional Authorities are empowered to carry out the regulation of public transport with public/user feedback
Local / Regional Authorities would be integrated with economic growth regions
Focus on local and regional planning as identified in the National Physical Plan
Ownership of crucial public transport infrastructure
Provision of investment capital and funding

15. A new model for public transport
Authority  provides & owns all vital infrastructure (incl. routes)
Operators  contracted to the Local or Regional Authority for a 3-5 year period
Contract  through open tender and KPI
Operators are paid a contract fee for services provided with additional incentives for meeting/exceeding KPI
Feedback from passengers becomes vital

16. A new organizational model
Fair allocation of risks and responsibilities between operators and authorities
KPIs in:
Accessibility
Availability
Reliability
Safety
Comfort
INPUTS
Taxpayers Money
Infrastructure Technology
Resources Labor
OPERATORS’ SCOPE
AUTHORITIES’ SCOPE
COST EFFICIENCY
COST EFFECTIVENESS
CONSUMED OUTPUTS
Passenger/mile
Passenger/energy unit
Infra. KPIs Service KPIs
SERVICE EFFICIENCY
PRODUCED OUTPUTS
Journey covered/labor Operational cost/mile
Vehicle seats/mile

17. TRANSPORT AUTHORITIES
A new financing model
Non-discriminating distribution of tax revenue and fee income to cover entire population
FUNDING
LOCAL / STATE GOVT
Quit rent rates depend on proximity to transit connections
Congestion charges, summons FEDERAL GOVT Taxes, royalties, duties, levies
TRANSPORT AUTHORITIES
PENALTY IF KPIs NOT MET
PENALTY IF KPIs NOT MET
AND DRIVING MANHOURS
PAYOUTS BASED ON DISTANCE TRAVELLED
UNIFORM FEE COLLECTION (integrated ticketing system)
CIVIL DUTY
COMMUTERS
OPERATORS Contracted to: Private local
GLC-funded local Private foreign
EXTRA FEE FOR VALUE-ADDED SERVICE

18. The view from TRANSIT Consult with the public first; have real plans
Go back to the RapidKL “hub-and-spoke” model used from
This time, we make it work!
Authority builds vital infrastructure (hubs, lanes)
Authority directs local gov’t to identify bus routes
All bus operators under contract to Authority
Packaging of “Areas” will combine lucrative trunk routes with express and suburban routes

19. TRANSIT’s Klang Valley Network
Our “Strategic Plan” - Start from the basics
Make the bus service work well
Enhance the bus services by introducing critical infrastructure (lanes, hubs)
Introduce “Quality Bus” or “Rapid Transit” services to improve speed, frequency, reliability
Then, we invest for expansion
How many passengers per direction per hour?
Choose the appropriate technology to meet our needs  maximize benefits at the lowest cost!

20. Moving 10,000 passengers/d/h

21. So what does that mean?
Rapid Transit on main roads (BRT, Trams) and expressways (ERT) is the best way to introduce rapid transit to more of the Klang Valley & other cities in Malaysia
Uses the existing (and paid-for) road infrastructure
Construction costs are lower so more km of routes can be built  reaches more people!
Can be built faster and fine-tuned more easily to meet changing needs

23. ERT / BRT in action
Images of Metrobus service from Istanbul, Turkey

24. Conclusion
Understand what makes public transport works best (utilizing all 3 functions)
Public Transport is a “rakyat issue”
Involve the rakyat & value their feedback!
S.P.A.D. plus Local / Regional Authority
Gov’t management + Private operators
Fair allocations: funding, resources & risks
Maximize benefits, minimize costs!
Keep it simple and make it work!

25. Thank you for your time Moaz Yusuf Ahmad On behalf of TRANSIT
On behalf of TRANSIT