1. Lesson 2.1 Formation of the Ocean
*Refer to Chapter 3 in your Textbook

2. Bellringer: /10/15
List 3 ways you think the ocean has changed over time (use things like more/less, bigger/smaller…)
Reminder:
ALL Unit 1 make-up & late work must be turned in by next Thursday, 9/17!

3. Learning Goals:
I can explain evidence for the Theory of Plate Tectonics.
I can differentiate between the 3 plate boundaries.
I can explain how the ocean was formed.
I can identify smaller divisions of the ocean.

4. Theory of Continental Drift:
= the movement of the continents across the ocean bed
Edward Suess (Late 1800’s)
Gondwanaland: South America, Africa, Antarctica, Australia, & India
Alfred Wegener (1915)
Laurasia: North America, Europe, & Asia
Pangea: combined Gondwanaland with added Laurasia

5. Theory of Continental Drift

6. Convection
H. Hess (1960’s)
Convection: force that makes magma in Earth’s mantle move, due to heating and cooling
Cool- sinks toward core
Heat- rises toward upper mantle/crust

7. Theory of Plate Tectonics
= Lithospheric/Tectonic plates move across the asthenosphere
Lithosphere: crust & upper mantle, rigid
Asthenosphere: part of the lower mantle, viscous

8. Lithospheric Plates

9. Theory of Plate Tectonics
Types of Plate Boundaries:
Convergent: oceanic-to-continental crust come together
Old crust is submerged into the mantle and destroyed
Form: Trenches
Divergent: oceanic-to-oceanic crust move apart
New crust is formed via sea floor spreading
Form: Mid-ocean ridges
Transform: oceanic-to-oceanic crust scrape past each other in opposite directions
Form: Faults & Cliffs

10. Types of Plate Boundaries

11. Formation of the Ocean Tethys Ocean: Panthalassic Ocean:
Between Gondwanaland and Laurasia
Closed when India moved into Asia
Panthalassic Ocean:
Huge ocean surrounding Pangea
Became the Pacific
Atlantic Ocean:
Formed when North America separated from Eurasia
Indian Ocean:
Formed when Gondwanaland broke apart

12. Formation of the Ocean
MYAMYA

13. Today’s Ocean
We have one world ocean broken into 5 artificial components
Pacific
Atlantic
Indian
Arctic
Southern/
Antarctic

14. Smaller Divisions of the Ocean
Sea: a smaller body of salt water that is almost completely surrounded by land
Example: Mediterranean Sea
Gulf: a smaller body of salt water that is partially surrounded by land
Example: Gulf of Mexico
Estuary: inlet area where salt water meets fresh water
Example: St. Lucie Estuary
Lagoon: body of water composed of brackish water- a mixture of salt & fresh
Example: Indian River Lagoon