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Market Failures
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freedom is unmatched, but this crisis has reminded us that
"Nor is the question before us whether the market is a force for good or ill. Its power to generate wealth and expand freedom is unmatched, but this crisis has reminded us that without a watchful eye, the market can spin out of control . President Obama January 2009
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Market Failures Market failure: when the market fails to allocate resources efficiently Externalities occur Laws broken (price fixing, price collusion, etc…) Government should intervene to promote efficiency 17
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Efficiency requires: All costs of production must be counted by producers If pollution is “not counted” => society bears the costs of production This is not efficient
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EXTERNALITIES Pollution
An externality is the uncompensated impact of one person’s actions on another person Both positive & negative externalities exist Example: Negative Externality Pollution
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Governments Can Sometimes Improve Market Outcomes
Government can intervene to promote efficiency by taxing or subsidizing externalties By passing and enforcing laws which encourage honest competition 17
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