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STUDY OF SPIN STRUCTURE OF NUCLEON AT COMPASS AND ITS CHALLENGES

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1 STUDY OF SPIN STRUCTURE OF NUCLEON AT COMPASS AND ITS CHALLENGES
Takahiro Iwata Yamagata University on behalf of the COMPASS Collaboration KEK Workshop on Nucleon Structure, January 10, 2009

2 OUTLINE Data taking history Direct measurements of DG/G
COMPASS apparatus Data taking history Direct measurements of DG/G high pT hadron pairs & open charm Dq from SI-DIS Transverse spin effects asymmetries with proton target Plans and Challenges KEK Workshop on Nucleon Structure 2009, January 10, 2009 Takahiro Iwata

3 THE SPECTROMETER two stages spectrometer
Large Angle Spectrometer (SM1) Small Angle Spectrometer (SM2) tracking, calorimetry, PID SciFi Silicon Micromegas GEMs Straws SDC MWPC W45 MuonWall SM2 E/HCAL E/HCAL SM1 0.003 < x < 0.5 10-3 < Q2 < 10 GeV2 Polarised Target MuonWall RICH Pol. m beam high energy beam broad kinematical range large angular acceptance KEK Workshop on Nucleon Structure 2009, January 10, 2009 Takahiro Iwata

4 THE TARGET SYSTEM Solid polarized target operated in Dynamic Nuclear Polarization technique with a dilution refrigerator New COMPASS target magnet: +180~-180 mrad geometrical acceptance The world largest polarized target To match larger acceptance: new microwave cavity 3 target cells: reduction of false asymmetries Target: NH3 for proton , 6LiD for deuteron  longitudinal & transverse mode available very long relaxation time (∼ 4000 h) magnetic field rotation without polarization loss  Polarization of NH3 -92%, +88%, -83%

5 THE RICH DETECTOR radiator gas: C4F10 mirror wall: 20 m2 surface
photon detectors radiator gas: C4F10 mirror wall: m2 surface photon-detectors: outer part (75%) MWPC(pad RO) with CsI cathode inner part(25%) 576 MAPMTs with indiv. telescope threshold momenta pp = 2 GeV/c pK = 9 GeV/c pP =17 GeV/c Installed in 2005, Used in data taking from 2006 KEK Workshop on Nucleon Structure 2009, January 10, 2009 Takahiro Iwata

6 DATA TAKING HISTORY 2002 - 2008 in 2002, 2003, 2004, 2006 and 2007
COMPASS has taken data in muon program configuration 160 GeV, polarized muon LiD polarized target ( ~pol. deuterons) L-mode: 80 / T-mode: 20 2005 no data taking, new target system installed 2007 NH3 polarized target (~ pol. protons) L-mode: 50 /T-mode: 50 2008: hadron beam at 190 GeV for the hadron program KEK Workshop on Nucleon Structure 2009, January 10, 2009 Takahiro Iwata

7 Direct Measurements of Gluon Polarization DG/G
KEK Workshop on Nucleon Structure 2009, January 10, 2009 Takahiro Iwata

8 DIRECT MEASUREMENTS OF DG/G
access to DG/G Photon Gluon Fusion: gg -> qq q = u,d,s “HIGH pT HADRON PAIRS” 2 hadrons with high pT  Large statistics  physical background: „model” (MC) dependent ・hard scale given by pT q = c “OPEN CHARM” charm hadrons ( one hadron detected)  no background, less MC dependent.  small statistics   ・ hard scale charm mass: m2 = 4mc2 Leading order analysis in the moment.. KEK Workshop on Nucleon Structure 2009, January 10, 2009 Takahiro Iwata

9 HIGH PT HADRON PAIRS + measure extracted Monte Carlo Photon Gluon
Fusion Leading Order DIS QCD Compton Resolved g Q2 < 1 GeV2 cross-section ratio Data divided into two data sets High Q2 : Q2>1GeV2 Low Q2 : Q2<1GeV2 analyzing power KEK Workshop on Nucleon Structure 2009, January 10, 2009 Takahiro Iwata

10 HIGH PT HADRON PAIRS : Q2>1 GeV2
In previous analysis Abkg neglected , because A1,d~0 at small x Q2>1GeV2, 0.1 < y < 0.9 pT1, pT2 > 0.7 GeV, XF1,2>0, z1,2>0, z1+z2<0.95 M2h1,h2>1.5GeV2 Monte Carlo LEPTO with MRST2004LO & JETSET fragmentation R & a for PGF, QCDC and LO determiend Neural Network parametrization Good agreement with the data averaged values New method Reduced by 1/3 from data result: New result (prelim.) systematic error: false asymmetry mainly contributes KEK Workshop on Nucleon Structure 2009, January 10, 2009 Takahiro Iwata

11 HIGH PT HADRON PAIRS : Q2<1 GeV2
PYTHIA-Monte Carlo for low Q² Direct Resolved photon PGF QCDC neglect LO DIS neglect KEK Workshop on Nucleon Structure 2009, January 10, 2009 Takahiro Iwata

12 Resolved photon processes
HIGH PT HADRON PAIRS : Q2<1 GeV2 Resolved photon processes photon PDFs : unknown point like: perturbative(calculable) VMD: non-pertarbative  extream scenarios M.Gluck et al., Eur.Phys.J. C20:272(2001) data result: (prelim.) Stat. error reduced by 30% compared to COMPASS data published PL B 633 (2006) 25 KEK Workshop on Nucleon Structure 2009, January 10, 2009 Takahiro Iwata

13 DG/G FROM OPEN CHARM BR:68% BR:4% D* tagged by slow pion untagged
D0Kpp0 nD0 = 37398 nD* = 8675 D0Kp D0Kp KEK Workshop on Nucleon Structure 2009, January 10, 2009 Takahiro Iwata

14 DG/G FROM OPEN CHARM DG/G = - 0.49 ± 0.27 (stat) ± 0.11(syst)
Kinematics not fully given in the experiment (only one charm detected)  need efficient way to determine aLL f : dilution factor ~0.4 Pb : beam polarization ~0.8 Pt : target polarization ~0.5 S/(S+B): determined from fit Calculation with event weighting Neural network trained with AROMA Monte Carlo good description of data 2002 – 2006 (full deuteron statistics) D0+D* DG/G = ± 0.27 (stat) ± 0.11(syst) @ xg ~ 0.11, m2 ~ 13 GeV2 New result False asymmetry & S/S+B determination KEK Workshop on Nucleon Structure 2009, January 10, 2009 Takahiro Iwata

15 RESULTS FOR DG/G QCD Fit to g1 COMPASS06 m2 = 3 Gev2
new high-pT point high Q2 HERMES Single hadron new open charm ΔG/G ≈0 @ xg ≈ 0.1 RECALL: charm point at larger scale (m2 = 13 Gev2 ) KEK Workshop on Nucleon Structure 2009, January 10, 2009 Takahiro Iwata

16 DG/G SUMMARY & PROSPECTS
New preliminary results have been obtained DG/G ≈0 at xg ≈ 0.1 likely Prospects: open charm: including proton data, but not much improvement high-Pt hadron pairs: include data from 2006, 2007 use single high-Pt hadron, determine DG/G in 2-3 bins of xg KEK Workshop on Nucleon Structure 2009, January 10, 2009 Takahiro Iwata

17 Polarized PDF, Dq from Semi-Inclusive DIS
KEK Workshop on Nucleon Structure 2009, January 10, 2009 Takahiro Iwata

18 Dq from SI-DIS flavor dependent fragmentation functions at LO QCD
Inclusive asymmetry Semi-inclusive hadron identified asymmetries flavor dependent fragmentation functions  flavor & valence/sea decomposition for Dq COMPASS data on deuteron (full statistics on deuteron) Evaluation of , , KEK Workshop on Nucleon Structure 2009, January 10, 2009 Takahiro Iwata

19 ASYMMETRIES deuteron data 2002-2006 ( full statistics on deuteron)
Q2>1GeV2, 0.004<x<0.3, 10<p<50GeV, 0.2<z<0.85 Statistics: New data at small x Impurities corrected; although the correction is very small KEK Workshop on Nucleon Structure 2009, January 10, 2009 Takahiro Iwata

20 BASES OF EVALUATION Asymmetries to be independent on Q2 : Assume
Un-polarized PDF: MRST04 Fragmentation Functions: two parameterizations DSS-FF from e+e-, SI-DIS , pp collision EMC-FF charge/isospin symmetry all un-favored FFs are equal No Q2 dependence s-quark favored FF is large Least square fit in each x bin main difference in favored FF of strange quark KEK Workshop on Nucleon Structure 2009, January 10, 2009 Takahiro Iwata

21 RESULTS OF FIT valence sea DNS-PDF: strange
Similar results with different FFs; agreement with LO DNS-PDF valence DNS-PDF: global fit to e+e-, SIDIS & pp Phys.Rev.D71:094018,2005 (comparable to typical QCD fits to g1) sea Compatible with 0; Not sensitive to FFs DNS-PDF: strange EMC-FF gives larger stat. errors small contribution from large x KEK Workshop on Nucleon Structure 2009, January 10, 2009 Takahiro Iwata

22 Ds FROM CHARGED KAON ASYMMETRY
Alternative way to access Ds well constrained by K+ and K- cross-section data DNS-FF not constrained ! KRE-FF EMC-FF agreement between two evaluations DNS-FF KEK Workshop on Nucleon Structure 2009, January 10, 2009 Takahiro Iwata

23 Ds V.S. RSF 1st moment strongly depends on RSF from SI-DIS
from inclusive DIS only 2s difference COMPASS,QCD-fits to g1 Phys.Lett. B 660 (2008) 458 1st moment strongly depends on RSF With a large RSF, Ds<0 expected in unmeasured lower x region Comparison between SI-DIS and inclusive DIS is limited by the errors KEK Workshop on Nucleon Structure 2009, January 10, 2009 Takahiro Iwata

24 Dq FROM SI-DIS SUMMARY SI-DIS asymmetries from full deuteron data shown Evaluation of valence, sea, strange polarized PDFs Valence component is consistent with inclusive DIS data Sea polarization is 0 over the measured range Strange component strongly depends on s-quark FF (RSF ) Comparison between SI-DIS and incl. DIS is limited by errors Prospects: analysis of 2007 proton data extraction of RUF and RSF form COMPASS KEK Workshop on Nucleon Structure 2009, January 10, 2009 Takahiro Iwata

25 Transverse Spin Effects
KEK Workshop on Nucleon Structure 2009, January 10, 2009 Takahiro Iwata

26 TRANSVERSE SPIN EFFECTS IN COMPASS
Transversity PDF quark with spin parallel to the nucleon spin in a transversely polarized nucleon DTq(x) = q↑↑(x) - q↑↓(x) h1q(x), dq(x), dTq(x) from Collins asym. in SIDIS single hadron production L transverse polarization, two hadron asym. , ,,, TMD PDF an intrinsic asymmetry in the parton transverse momentum distribution induced by the nucleon spin related to orbital angular momentum of quark from Sivers asym. in SIDIS single hadron production New COMPASS data for Collins & Sivers Asymmetries on Proton KEK Workshop on Nucleon Structure 2009, January 10, 2009 Takahiro Iwata

27 SINGLE HADRON ASYMMETRIES
SIDIS cross-section for transv. PT Collins Sivers fS = azim. angle of initial quark spin fS’ = azim. angle of struck quark spin fS= p- fS’ (due to helicity conservation) fh = azim. angle of leading hadron initial quark spin (nucleon spin) struck quark spin Collins angle: Azim. angle of a hadron wrt the struck quark spin FC = fh - fS’ (= fh +fS- p) Sivers angle:Azim. angle of a hadron wrt the initial quark spin (=nucleon spin) FS= fh - fS Scattering plane quark direction hadron (Breit frame) KEK Workshop on Nucleon Structure 2009, January 10, 2009 Takahiro Iwata

28 COLLINS & SIVERS ASYMMETRIES
Collins Asymmetry ± refer to the opposite orientation of the transverse spin of the nucleon PT is the target polarisation; DNN is the transverse spin transfer coefficient initial  struck quark, given by QED Transvesity Collins fragmentation function Sivers Asymmetry Sivers PDF KEK Workshop on Nucleon Structure 2009, January 10, 2009 Takahiro Iwata

29 PROTON DATA EVENT SELECTION
Proton data in 2007, ~20% analyzed DIS cuts: Q2>1 (GeV/c)2, 0.1<y<0.9, W>5 GeV/c2 Cut for hadrons Track Length<10 X0 Energy Deposit in HCALs pT>0.1 GeV/c Z>0.2 Statistics h+ : 5.7M h-: 4.5M KEK Workshop on Nucleon Structure 2009, January 10, 2009 Takahiro Iwata

30 COLLINS ASYMMETRY ON PROTON
20% statistics systematic errors ~ 0.3 sstat at small x, the asymmetries are compatible with zero in the valence region the asymmetries are different from zero, opposite sign for positive and negative hadrons, and the same strength and sign as HERMES KEK Workshop on Nucleon Structure 2009, January 10, 2009 Takahiro Iwata

31 COLLINS ASYM. DATA V.S. PREDICTION
comparison with M. Anselmino et al. predictions arXiv: good agreement KEK Workshop on Nucleon Structure 2009, January 10, 2009 Takahiro Iwata

32 SIVERS ASYMMETRY FOR PROTON
systematic errors ~ 0.5 sstat the measured asymmetries are small, compatible with zero KEK Workshop on Nucleon Structure 2009, January 10, 2009 Takahiro Iwata

33 SIVERS ASYM. DATA V.S. PREDICTION
comparison with recent M. Anselmino et al. predictions arXiv: HERMES proton data COMPASS deuteron data marginal agreement with COMPASS proton data KEK Workshop on Nucleon Structure 2009, January 10, 2009 Takahiro Iwata

34 TRANSVERSE L POLARIZATION
Another way to access Transversity Transversity PT : target polarization; f : target dilution factor D(y): transverse spin transfer coefficient initial  struck quark, given by QED deuteron data (no RICH ID) already reported Small tendency seen for anti-Λ L L KEK Workshop on Nucleon Structure 2009, January 10, 2009 Takahiro Iwata

35 NEW L DATA ON PROTON TARGET
Secondary vertex downstream of primary vertex. PT > 23 MeV/c to exclude e+e− pairs Proton and pion momenta > 1 GeV/c Q2 > 1 (GeV/c)2, 0.1 < y < 0.9 Λ decay distance DΛ > 7 σD Collinearity < 10 mrad Pid by RICH 60% higher statistics w.r.t. deuteron data KEK Workshop on Nucleon Structure 2009, January 10, 2009 Takahiro Iwata

36 L POLARIZATION ON PROTON TARGET
Systematic errors have been estimated to be smaller than statistical errors from false polarization. No dependence on x. KEK Workshop on Nucleon Structure 2009, January 10, 2009 Takahiro Iwata

37 TRANSVERSE SPIN EFFECTS SUMMARY
New preliminary results of proton transverse run: Collins Asymmetry: different from zero Agreement with predictions of Anselmino et al. (consistent with HERMES, Belle) Sivers Asymmetry: Small and compatible with zero within present statistical errors Marginal agreement with the prediction Transverse L polarization: small and compatible with zero within present statistics KEK Workshop on Nucleon Structure 2009, January 10, 2009 Takahiro Iwata

38 Plans and Challenges in COMPASS
KEK Workshop on Nucleon Structure 2009, January 10, 2009 Takahiro Iwata

39 PLANS & CHALLENGES IN COMPASS
Run for Hadron program 190 GeV hadron beam & Liq.H2 target (partly test with the muon beam) 2010~ Run for Muon program(with pol. proton target)? Challenges Polarized Drell-Yan program 200 GeV p- Beam & Polarized Target TMD PDFs(Boer-Mulders, Sivers) Transversity GPD program 100GeV polarized m+/- Beam & Liq.H2 Target(+ Pol.T) DVCS(Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering) HEMP(Hard Exclusive Meson Production) KEK Workshop on Nucleon Structure 2009, January 10, 2009 Takahiro Iwata

40 KEK Workshop on Nucleon Structure 2009, January 10, 2009
BACKUP SLIDES Takahiro Iwata KEK Workshop on Nucleon Structure 2009, January 10, 2009

41 EVENT SELECTION DIS events Q2 > 1 GeV2 W2 > 25 GeV2
0.1 < y < 0.9 hadrons pht > 0.1 GeV/c z > (all h) z > (leading h) Q2 = 2.4 (GeV/c)2 W = 9.4 GeV/c2 xBj  0.035 2002 data KEK Workshop on Nucleon Structure 2009, January 10, 2009 Takahiro Iwata

42 increase in statistics by a factor of 7!
ASYMMETRIES vs 2002 data released in April 2006 (DIS2006) comparison with the published 2002 data PRL 94 (2005) increase in statistics by a factor of 7! KEK Workshop on Nucleon Structure 2009, January 10, 2009 Takahiro Iwata

43 COLLINS ASYMMETRIES 2002-2004 small errors (~1%) small asymmetries
DIS2006 DIS2006 small errors (~1%) small asymmetries CERN-PH-EP/ cancellation between p and n (lh and ah) KEK Workshop on Nucleon Structure 2009, January 10, 2009 Takahiro Iwata

44 COLLINS ASYMMETRY & GLOBAL FIT
SIDIS(deuteron COMPASS/ proton HERMES) & Belle data RICH + AGS annual Users’ Meeting June 6, 2006, ags/users meetings/workshops/basp , and paper in preparation. Anselmino et al., hep-ph/ v1 PRESENT PICTURE DT0D(fav.) ~ - DT0D(unfav) DTd not well constrained from the global fit KEK Workshop on Nucleon Structure 2009, January 10, 2009 Takahiro Iwata

45 SIVERS ASYMMETRIES 2002-2004 small errors (~1%) small asymmetries
DIS2006 DIS2006 small errors (~1%) small asymmetries CERN-PH-EP/ cancellation between p and n (lh and ah) KEK Workshop on Nucleon Structure 2009, January 10, 2009 Takahiro Iwata

46 SIVERS ASYMMETRIES & MODELS
model calculations to be compared with the COMPASS data preliminary COMPASS preliminary COMPASS Collins et al Vogelsang and Yuan RICH + AGS annual Users’ Meeting June 6, 2006, ags/users meetings/workshops/basp , and paper in preparation. preliminary COMPASS PRESENT PICTURE Anselmino et al KEK Workshop on Nucleon Structure 2009, January 10, 2009 Takahiro Iwata

47 p±, K± Collins Asymmetries 2003-2004
again, difficult to see an effect … KEK Workshop on Nucleon Structure 2009, January 10, 2009 Takahiro Iwata

48 p±, K± SIVERS ASYMMETRIES 2003-2004
KEK Workshop on Nucleon Structure 2009, January 10, 2009 Takahiro Iwata

49 TWO HADRON ASYMMETRIES
modulation of the number of events in fRS fS = angle of initial quark spin (=target spin) fS’ = angle of final (struck) quark spin fS= p - fS’ (due to helicity conservation) fR = angle of two-hadron plane fRS =fR –fS’ = fR +fS- p i f h l-l’ transversity : interference fragmentation function( presently unknown) initial quark spin quark direction Trento conventions see hep-ph/ Breit frame KEK Workshop on Nucleon Structure 2009, January 10, 2009 Takahiro Iwata

50 TWO HADRON ASYMMETRIES
Event selection z1> 0.1 & z2>0.1  xf1>0.1 & xf2>0.1 z=z1+z2<0.9 diffractive r production 6.1x106 combinations KEK Workshop on Nucleon Structure 2009, January 10, 2009 Takahiro Iwata

51 TWO HADRON ASYMMETRIES
DNN : transverse spin transfer coefficient initial  struck quark f : target dilution factor PT : target polarization; KEK Workshop on Nucleon Structure 2009, January 10, 2009 Takahiro Iwata

52 TWO HADRON ASYMMETRIES
z ordered pairs KEK Workshop on Nucleon Structure 2009, January 10, 2009 Takahiro Iwata

53 TRANSVERSE MOMENTUM DEPENDENT PDFs
Nucleon unpol. long. pol. trans. pol. number density Sivers unpol. Nucleon Parton T-odd helicity long. pol. RICH + AGS annual Users’ Meeting June 6, 2006, ags/users meetings/workshops/basp , and paper in preparation. Quark transversity Boer-Mulders survive after integration over kT trans. pol. T-odd Takahiro Iwata KEK Workshop on Nucleon Structure 2009, January 10, 2009

54 RESULTS OF NLO QCD FIT solutions : DG > 0 DG < 0
∫G(x)dx = , ,-0.14 ∫S(x)dx = ± ± 0.01 @ Q2=3(GeV)2 Both give for the absolute value of the gluon spin contribution (∫G(x)dx) Gluon spin contribution is not large KEK Workshop on Nucleon Structure 2009, January 10, 2009 Takahiro Iwata

55 TRANSVERSE L POLARIZATION
Transversity PT : target polarization; f : target dilution factor D(y): transverse spin transfer coefficient initial  struck quark, given by QED KEK Workshop on Nucleon Structure 2009, January 10, 2009 Takahiro Iwata

56 L POLARIZATION ON DEUTERON TARGET
systematic errors not larger than statistical errors RICH ID not used yet KEK Workshop on Nucleon Structure 2009, January 10, 2009 Takahiro Iwata

57 SIVERS ASYMMETRY ON PROTON
H.Wollny, SPIN 2008 x>0.05 x>0.05 KEK Workshop on Nucleon Structure 2009, January 10, 2009 Takahiro Iwata

58 DG/G FROM OPEN CHARM Photon Gluon Fusion: gg -> c c c c
Kaon ID with RICH hard scale: m2 = 4mc2 Theory understood Combinatorial background Limited statistics Challenging measurement c KEK Workshop on Nucleon Structure 2009, January 10, 2009 Takahiro Iwata

59 Dq from SI-DIS, Impurity studies
c c KEK Workshop on Nucleon Structure 2009, January 10, 2009 Takahiro Iwata


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